Fetal Neural Pathology Flashcards
Where is CSF produced?
Choroid plexus in the ventricles
What is the flow of CSF starting at the lateral ventricles
Lateral ventricles, interventricular foramen, 3rd ventricle (foramen of Munro), cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius), 4th ventricle, Magendie (to the spine) and Luchka (to the brain)
What is the correct caliber placement when measuring the ventricles?
On to on
Describe the most common cranial anomaly
Hydrocephalus, increase in CSF that enlarges the ventricles, usually due to obstruction
What is true hydrocephalus vs ventriculomegaly?
True is due to CSF obstruction, ventriculomegaly is due to brain atrophy
What is the upper limit of normal for the ventricles?
10mm
What is dangling choroid?
An abnormality
What 3 other abnormalities are usually present with hydrocephalus?
Obliterated cisterna magna, banana sign, lemon sign
What is Dandy Walker Malformation?
Enlarged cisterna magna with defect in the vermis
What is agenesis of the corpus callosum associated with?
DWM
What is the upper limit of normal for the cisterna magna?
10mm
What is the first clue of agenesis of the corpus callosum”?
Absence of the CSP
What are choroid plexus cysts associated with?
Trisomy 18
What is a significant CPC measurement?
> /= 3mm
What is acrania?
No skull
What is anencephaly?
No cerebral cortex
What is exencephaly?
Abnormal cerebral cortex, brain tissue exposed to amniotic fluid
What is porencephalic cysts?
Brain tissue destroyed by hemorrhage or infarct
What is an encephalocele
Herniation of the intracranial structures
What is schizencephaly?
Clefts in the parietal or temporal lobes
What is lissencephaly?
Smooth brain/no sulci or gyri
What is the vein of Galen aneurysm?
Seen in the 3rd trimester, a single dilated midline fluid collection in the brain
What are the most common brain tumours?
Teratomas
What is craniosynostoses?
Bizarre fusion of the cranial sutures
What is dolichocephaly?
BPD/OFD=CI
<75
Oval head
What is brachiocephalic?
CI >85%
Round head
What is poor cranial mineralization?
If you can see the brain especially well, it may be poor mineralization
What are the 3 types of holoprosencephaly?
Failure of the forebrain to develop normally
Alobar- minimal mantle, horseshoe shaped ventricle, fused thalami
Semilobar- horseshoe shaped with brain mantle, incomplete fusion of thalami
Lobar- fused anterior horns
