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OB Review > Uterine and Ov Pathology > Flashcards

Uterine and Ov Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

adenomyosis

A

benign invasive growth of endo into the myometrium

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2
Q

asherman syndrome

A

IU adhesions ablating the endo lining

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3
Q

gartner dust cyst

A

small cyst w/in vag

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4
Q

hematocolpos

A

blood accumulation in vag

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5
Q

hematometra

A

blood accumulation in the ut

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6
Q

hematometrocolpos

A

blood accumulation in the ut and vag

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7
Q

hyperplasia

A

proliferation of the endo lining

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8
Q

intramural leiomyoma

A

mass distorting the myo, most common location

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9
Q

leiomyoma

A

most common benign gynecological tumor of the myo

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10
Q

meigs syndrome

A

combination of pleural effusion, ascites, and an ov mass that resolve after surgery

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11
Q

submucosal leiomyoma

A

mass distorting the endo, least common but most likely to cause symptoms

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12
Q

subserosal leiomyoma

A

mass found on the serosal surface of the UT

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13
Q

tamoxifen

A

antiestrogen medication used to treast breast cancer

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14
Q

tip of the iceberg

A

term used to describe the sono appearance of dense ov dermoid tumor

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15
Q

cystic terotima (dermoid)

A

most common primary ov neoplasm

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16
Q

adenomyosis

A

ectopic endo tissue within the myo

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17
Q

adenomyosis risk factors

A

multiparity
elevated estrogen
aggressive curettage

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18
Q

adenomyosis clinical findings

A

pelvic pain/ cramping
UT enlargement and tenderness
menorrhagia
dysmenorrhea

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19
Q

adenomyosis sono findings

A 
diffuse ut enlargement
inhomogeneous myo
poorly defined anechoic are w/in myo
posterior ut wall affected
endo appears normal
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20
Q

Leiomyoma (fibroid)

Intramural

A

distorts myo
confined to myo
most common

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21
Q

Leiomyoma

Pedunculated

A

attached to the ut by stalk

appears extrauterine

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22
Q

Leiomyoma

Submucosal

A

distorts the endo
impedes endo
most symptomatic

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23
Q

Leiomyoma

Subserosal

A

located under perimetrium

distorts ut contour

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24
Q

Leiomyoma clinical findings

A 
asymptomatic
menorrhagia
pelvic pain
ut enlargement
irregular bleeding
urinate frequently
infertility
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25
Q

Leiomyoma sono findings

A 
well defined hypo ut mass
anechoic to hyperechoic
heterogenous with necorsis or hemorrhage
often mutliple
increase in size w/ estrogen stimulation
decrease after menopause
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26
Q

leiomyosarcoma

A

derived from the smooth muscle of the ut

rare

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27
Q

leiomyosarcoma clinical findings

A

asymptomatic

vag bleeding

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28
Q

leiomyosarcoma sono findings

A

heterogeneous ut mass

irregular margins

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29
Q

Carcinoma of the cx

A

epithelial neoplasm

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30
Q

carcinoma of cx risk factors

A
  • early sexual activity
  • multiple sex partners
  • use of oral contraceptive
  • smoking
  • 3rd most common gyn malignancy in US
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31
Q

Carcinoma of cx sono appearence

A
  • hypoechoic to heterogeneous retrovescial mass
  • irregular margins
  • dilated ureter
  • anechoic or hypoechoic endo fluid collection
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32
Q

Nabothian cyst

A

cyst in the cx

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33
Q

Nabothian cyst sono appearence

A
  • round, anechoic
  • ## multiple or solitary
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34
Q

hyperplasia sono findings

A
  • thickening of endo
  • premenopausal: >14 mm
  • postmenopausal: >5 mm w/ symptomatic, > 8 mm w/ asymptomatic
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35
Q

Polyp

A
  • overgrowth of endo tissue

- unresponsive to progesterone

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36
Q

polyp sono findings

A
  • focal area of echogenic endo thickening

- color may demonstrate flow w.in stalk

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37
Q

Follicular cysts of ov

A

graafin follicle which fails to ovulate and enlarges

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38
Q

If cyst contains blood its termed

A

hemorrhagic cyst

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39
Q

Corpus Luteum cyst normally regress if

A

fertilization does not take place

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40
Q

corpus albicans

A

s small echogenic structure that occurs when corpus luteum regressed

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41
Q

If corpus luteum cyst gets to large, ov can

A

torsion

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42
Q

Corpus Luteum normally resolves around

A

16 w

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43
Q

Hemorrhagic cyst sono findings

A

variable appearance including complex components or entirely echogenic depending on amount of blood and stage

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44
Q

Theca Lutein cyst

A
  • largest and least common functional cyst

- found in elevation of hCG

45
Q

Common conurrent conditions for theca lutein cyst

A

gestational trophoblastic disease and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

46
Q

Theca lutein cyst regress after

A

high level of hCG diminishes

47
Q

Paraovarian cyst located

A

adjacent to ov but not attached

48
Q

Cystic teratoma - dermoid results from

A

retention of unfertilized ovum that differentiates into the three germ cell layers ( ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm)

49
Q

Because of the combination of germ cell layers, dermoids contain

A

glandular thyroid components, bone, hair, sebum, fat, cartilage, and digestive elements

50
Q

Asherman Syndrome Clinical Findings

A
  • asymptomatic
  • amenorrhea
  • dysmenorrhea
  • hypomenorrhea
  • infertility
51
Q

Asherman Sono Findings

A
  • inability to distinguish endo cavity

- bright echoes w/in echo

52
Q

Carcinoma of endo is assoc with

A

estrogen stimulation

53
Q

Most common carcinoma of endo

A

adenocarcinoma

54
Q

Carcinoma of endo risk factors

A
  • obesity
  • diabetes
  • nulliparity
  • postmenopausal
55
Q

Carcinoma of endo clinical findings

A

abnormal bleeding

56
Q

Carcinoma of endo sono findings

A
  • focal irregularity of endo
  • myo distortion
  • thick endo
  • compless endo mass
57
Q

Endometriosis

A
  • PID
  • retained products of conception
  • postprocedural complication
  • vaginitis
58
Q

endometriosis clinical findings

A
  • pelvic pain
  • fever
  • leukocytosis
59
Q

endometritis sono findings

A
  • thick and irregular endo
  • pronounced endo
  • enlarged, inhomogeneous ut
  • hypervascular endo and myo
60
Q

hematometra

A
  • imperforated hymen
  • cx stenosis
  • vag neoplasm
61
Q

hematometra clinical findings

A
  • pelvic pain
  • amenorrhea
  • hypomenorrhea
  • pelvic mass
62
Q

hematometra sono findings

A
  • large hypo midline ut mass
  • posterior enhancement
  • minimal or lack of visible myo tissue
63
Q

Tamoxifen clinical findings

A
  • asymptomatic

- abnormal bleeding

64
Q

tamoxifen sono findings

A
  • normal appearing endo
  • thickening of endo
  • complex appearence of endo cavity
65
Q

Cystadenocarcinoma

A

epithelial neoplasm

66
Q

cystadenocarcinoma clinical findings

A
  • palpable pelvic mass
  • unexplained weight gain
  • pelvic pain
67
Q

cystadenocarcinoma sono findings

A
  • multilocular complex mass
  • ill defined wall margins
  • mural nodules
  • ascites
68
Q

cystic teratoma sono findings

A
  • “tip of an iceberg”
  • complex mass
  • thick irregular mass
  • calcifications
  • commonly located superior to ut fundus
69
Q

cystic teratoma clinical findings

A
  • asymptomatic
  • abd pressure
  • mid to acute pelvic pain
  • palpable pelvic mass
70
Q

mucinous cystadenoma clinical findings

A
  • pelvic pain
  • rapid increase in pelvic mass
  • irregular menses
  • bloating
71
Q

mucinous cystadenoma sono findings

A
  • multilocular anechoic mass
  • thick smooth wall margins
  • may contain debris
  • generally unilateral
72
Q

PCOS

A
  • endocrine imbalance causing chronic anovulation

- imbalance of LH and FSH

73
Q

PCOS clinical findings

A
  • irregular menses
  • hirsutism
  • infertility
  • obesity
74
Q

PCOS sono findings

A
  • round enlarged ov
  • presence of ten or more follicles per ov
  • multiple small peripheral cysts
75
Q

serous cystadenoma

A
  • epithelial neoplasm

- second most common benign tumor of ov

76
Q

serous cystadenoma sono findings

A
  • large unilocualr or multilocular anechoic mass
  • smooth thin walled margins
  • may contain internal debris and septae
  • unilateral
77
Q

serous cystadenoma clinical findings

A
  • rapid increase of pelvic mass
  • pelvic pain
  • irregular menses
  • bloating
78
Q

Surface epithelial cyst

A

arise form cortex of ov

79
Q

surface epithelial cyst clinical findings

A
  • asymptomatic

- pelvic pain

80
Q

surface epithelial cyst sono findings

A

small cluster of cyst

81
Q

theca lutein cyst is assoc with

A

high levels of hCG

82
Q

theca lutein cyst clinical findings

A
  • asymptomatic
  • hyperemesis
  • abd bloating
83
Q

theca lutein cyst sono findings

A
  • multilocular cystic structure

- bilateral

84
Q

theca lutein cyst

A
  • gestational trophoblastic disease

- hyperstimulation syndrome

85
Q

Brenner tumor

A
  • benign tumor arising from fibroepithelial tissue
  • estrogenic in nature
  • assoc with meigs syndrome
86
Q

Brenner tumor clinical findings

A
  • asymptomatic

- unilateral pelvic pain or fullness

87
Q

brenner tumor sono findings

A
  • small hypo solid ov mass
  • well defined wall margins
  • does not demonstrate posterior acoustic enhancement
  • may demonstrate necrosis
88
Q

carcinoma of ov

A

epithelial or germ cell neoplasm

89
Q

carcinoma of ov risk factors

A
  • high fat diet
  • infertility
  • nulliparity
  • family hx of breast or ov carcinoma
90
Q

carcinoma of ov clinical findings

A
  • asymptomatic
  • vague abd pain
  • palpable pelvic mass
  • elevated CA125
  • vague GI symptoms
  • bloating
91
Q

carcinoma sono findings

A
  • predominately solid hypo ov mass
  • irregular ov margins
  • may appear complex
  • internal blood flow
  • resistive index > 1 suggest malignancy
92
Q

dysgerminoma

A
  • malignant germ cells neoplasm

- most common ov malignancy in childhood

93
Q

dysgerminoma clinical findings

A
  • asymptomatic
  • precocious puberty
  • pelvic pain
  • palpable pelvic mass
  • assoc with AFP adn hCG levels
  • spread to lymphatics
94
Q

fibroma

A

rare benign stromal tumor

95
Q

fibroma clinical findings

A
  • asymptomatic
  • pelvic pain
  • urinary or intestinal disturbance
  • menopause
96
Q

fibroma sono findings

A
  • solid hypo adnexal mass
  • dense mass
  • may demonstrate posterior shadowing
  • ascities
  • 5-10 cm
  • unilateral
97
Q

granulosa cell tumor

A

hormonal tumor

98
Q

granulosa cell tumor clinical findings

A
  • increase in estrogen
  • palpable mass
  • irregular bleeding
99
Q

granulosa cell tumor sono findings

A
  • solid homo adnexal mass
  • complex
  • thickening of endo
100
Q

thecoma

A
  • benign stromal tumor

- produces estrogen

101
Q

thecoma clinical findings

A
  • pelvic pain or pressure

- menopause

102
Q

thecoma sono findings

A
  • hypo mass

- prominent posterior shadowing

103
Q

Arteriovenous fistula

A
  • vascular plexus of arteries and veins w/o intervening capillary network
  • pelvic surgery
  • pelvic trauma
  • gestational trophoblastic disease
  • malignancy
104
Q

Arteriovenous fistula clinical findings

A
  • menorrhagia
  • amenia
  • often diagnosded postabortion and postpartum
105
Q

Arteriovenous fistula sono findings

A
  • multiple serpingous anechoic structures w/in myo
  • abundant blood flow within the anechoic structure
  • intramural mass
  • moasiac pattern on doppler
  • flow reversal and areas of aliasing
  • high- velocity, low resistance arterial flow coupled w/ high velocity venous flow w/ arterial component on spectral analysis
106
Q

Ov Torsion

A
  • partial or complete rotation of oc on its pedicle

- commonly assoc w/ adnexal mass

107
Q

ov torsion clinical findings

A
  • severe or consistent pelvic pain
  • nausea/vomiting
  • palpable pelvic mass
108
Q

ov torsion sono findings

A
  • decreased or absent venous and arterial blood flow to the ov
  • large hetero ov mass
  • free fluid
  • coexisting adnexal mass

OB Review (12 decks)

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