Uterine and Ov Pathology Flashcards
1
Q
adenomyosis
A
benign invasive growth of endo into the myometrium
2
Q
asherman syndrome
A
IU adhesions ablating the endo lining
3
Q
gartner dust cyst
A
small cyst w/in vag
4
Q
hematocolpos
A
blood accumulation in vag
5
Q
hematometra
A
blood accumulation in the ut
6
Q
hematometrocolpos
A
blood accumulation in the ut and vag
7
Q
hyperplasia
A
proliferation of the endo lining
8
Q
intramural leiomyoma
A
mass distorting the myo, most common location
9
Q
leiomyoma
A
most common benign gynecological tumor of the myo
10
Q
meigs syndrome
A
combination of pleural effusion, ascites, and an ov mass that resolve after surgery
11
Q
submucosal leiomyoma
A
mass distorting the endo, least common but most likely to cause symptoms
12
Q
subserosal leiomyoma
A
mass found on the serosal surface of the UT
13
Q
tamoxifen
A
antiestrogen medication used to treast breast cancer
14
Q
tip of the iceberg
A
term used to describe the sono appearance of dense ov dermoid tumor
15
Q
cystic terotima (dermoid)
A
most common primary ov neoplasm
16
Q
adenomyosis
A
ectopic endo tissue within the myo
17
Q
adenomyosis risk factors
A
multiparity
elevated estrogen
aggressive curettage
18
Q
adenomyosis clinical findings
A
pelvic pain/ cramping
UT enlargement and tenderness
menorrhagia
dysmenorrhea
19
Q
adenomyosis sono findings
A
diffuse ut enlargement inhomogeneous myo poorly defined anechoic are w/in myo posterior ut wall affected endo appears normal
20
Q
Leiomyoma (fibroid)
Intramural
A
distorts myo
confined to myo
most common
21
Q
Leiomyoma
Pedunculated
A
attached to the ut by stalk
appears extrauterine
22
Q
Leiomyoma
Submucosal
A
distorts the endo
impedes endo
most symptomatic
23
Q
Leiomyoma
Subserosal
A
located under perimetrium
distorts ut contour
24
Q
Leiomyoma clinical findings
A
asymptomatic menorrhagia pelvic pain ut enlargement irregular bleeding urinate frequently infertility
25
Leiomyoma sono findings
```
well defined hypo ut mass
anechoic to hyperechoic
heterogenous with necorsis or hemorrhage
often mutliple
increase in size w/ estrogen stimulation
decrease after menopause
```
26
leiomyosarcoma
derived from the smooth muscle of the ut
| rare
27
leiomyosarcoma clinical findings
asymptomatic
| vag bleeding
28
leiomyosarcoma sono findings
heterogeneous ut mass
| irregular margins
29
Carcinoma of the cx
epithelial neoplasm
30
carcinoma of cx risk factors
- early sexual activity
- multiple sex partners
- use of oral contraceptive
- smoking
- 3rd most common gyn malignancy in US
31
Carcinoma of cx sono appearence
- hypoechoic to heterogeneous retrovescial mass
- irregular margins
- dilated ureter
- anechoic or hypoechoic endo fluid collection
32
Nabothian cyst
cyst in the cx
33
Nabothian cyst sono appearence
- round, anechoic
- multiple or solitary
-
34
hyperplasia sono findings
- thickening of endo
- premenopausal: >14 mm
- postmenopausal: >5 mm w/ symptomatic, > 8 mm w/ asymptomatic
35
Polyp
- overgrowth of endo tissue
| - unresponsive to progesterone
36
polyp sono findings
- focal area of echogenic endo thickening
| - color may demonstrate flow w.in stalk
37
Follicular cysts of ov
graafin follicle which fails to ovulate and enlarges
38
If cyst contains blood its termed
hemorrhagic cyst
39
Corpus Luteum cyst normally regress if
fertilization does not take place
40
corpus albicans
s small echogenic structure that occurs when corpus luteum regressed
41
If corpus luteum cyst gets to large, ov can
torsion
42
Corpus Luteum normally resolves around
16 w
43
Hemorrhagic cyst sono findings
variable appearance including complex components or entirely echogenic depending on amount of blood and stage
44
Theca Lutein cyst
- largest and least common functional cyst
| - found in elevation of hCG
45
Common conurrent conditions for theca lutein cyst
gestational trophoblastic disease and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
46
Theca lutein cyst regress after
high level of hCG diminishes
47
Paraovarian cyst located
adjacent to ov but not attached
48
Cystic teratoma - dermoid results from
retention of unfertilized ovum that differentiates into the three germ cell layers ( ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm)
49
Because of the combination of germ cell layers, dermoids contain
glandular thyroid components, bone, hair, sebum, fat, cartilage, and digestive elements
50
Asherman Syndrome Clinical Findings
- asymptomatic
- amenorrhea
- dysmenorrhea
- hypomenorrhea
- infertility
51
Asherman Sono Findings
- inability to distinguish endo cavity
| - bright echoes w/in echo
52
Carcinoma of endo is assoc with
estrogen stimulation
53
Most common carcinoma of endo
adenocarcinoma
54
Carcinoma of endo risk factors
- obesity
- diabetes
- nulliparity
- postmenopausal
55
Carcinoma of endo clinical findings
abnormal bleeding
56
Carcinoma of endo sono findings
- focal irregularity of endo
- myo distortion
- thick endo
- compless endo mass
57
Endometriosis
- PID
- retained products of conception
- postprocedural complication
- vaginitis
58
endometriosis clinical findings
- pelvic pain
- fever
- leukocytosis
59
endometritis sono findings
- thick and irregular endo
- pronounced endo
- enlarged, inhomogeneous ut
- hypervascular endo and myo
60
hematometra
- imperforated hymen
- cx stenosis
- vag neoplasm
61
hematometra clinical findings
- pelvic pain
- amenorrhea
- hypomenorrhea
- pelvic mass
62
hematometra sono findings
- large hypo midline ut mass
- posterior enhancement
- minimal or lack of visible myo tissue
63
Tamoxifen clinical findings
- asymptomatic
| - abnormal bleeding
64
tamoxifen sono findings
- normal appearing endo
- thickening of endo
- complex appearence of endo cavity
65
Cystadenocarcinoma
epithelial neoplasm
66
cystadenocarcinoma clinical findings
- palpable pelvic mass
- unexplained weight gain
- pelvic pain
67
cystadenocarcinoma sono findings
- multilocular complex mass
- ill defined wall margins
- mural nodules
- ascites
68
cystic teratoma sono findings
- "tip of an iceberg"
- complex mass
- thick irregular mass
- calcifications
- commonly located superior to ut fundus
69
cystic teratoma clinical findings
- asymptomatic
- abd pressure
- mid to acute pelvic pain
- palpable pelvic mass
70
mucinous cystadenoma clinical findings
- pelvic pain
- rapid increase in pelvic mass
- irregular menses
- bloating
71
mucinous cystadenoma sono findings
- multilocular anechoic mass
- thick smooth wall margins
- may contain debris
- generally unilateral
72
PCOS
- endocrine imbalance causing chronic anovulation
| - imbalance of LH and FSH
73
PCOS clinical findings
- irregular menses
- hirsutism
- infertility
- obesity
74
PCOS sono findings
- round enlarged ov
- presence of ten or more follicles per ov
- multiple small peripheral cysts
75
serous cystadenoma
- epithelial neoplasm
| - second most common benign tumor of ov
76
serous cystadenoma sono findings
- large unilocualr or multilocular anechoic mass
- smooth thin walled margins
- may contain internal debris and septae
- unilateral
77
serous cystadenoma clinical findings
- rapid increase of pelvic mass
- pelvic pain
- irregular menses
- bloating
78
Surface epithelial cyst
arise form cortex of ov
79
surface epithelial cyst clinical findings
- asymptomatic
| - pelvic pain
80
surface epithelial cyst sono findings
small cluster of cyst
81
theca lutein cyst is assoc with
high levels of hCG
82
theca lutein cyst clinical findings
- asymptomatic
- hyperemesis
- abd bloating
83
theca lutein cyst sono findings
- multilocular cystic structure
| - bilateral
84
theca lutein cyst
- gestational trophoblastic disease
| - hyperstimulation syndrome
85
Brenner tumor
- benign tumor arising from fibroepithelial tissue
- estrogenic in nature
- assoc with meigs syndrome
86
Brenner tumor clinical findings
- asymptomatic
| - unilateral pelvic pain or fullness
87
brenner tumor sono findings
- small hypo solid ov mass
- well defined wall margins
- does not demonstrate posterior acoustic enhancement
- may demonstrate necrosis
88
carcinoma of ov
epithelial or germ cell neoplasm
89
carcinoma of ov risk factors
- high fat diet
- infertility
- nulliparity
- family hx of breast or ov carcinoma
90
carcinoma of ov clinical findings
- asymptomatic
- vague abd pain
- palpable pelvic mass
- elevated CA125
- vague GI symptoms
- bloating
91
carcinoma sono findings
- predominately solid hypo ov mass
- irregular ov margins
- may appear complex
- internal blood flow
- resistive index > 1 suggest malignancy
92
dysgerminoma
- malignant germ cells neoplasm
| - most common ov malignancy in childhood
93
dysgerminoma clinical findings
- asymptomatic
- precocious puberty
- pelvic pain
- palpable pelvic mass
- assoc with AFP adn hCG levels
- spread to lymphatics
94
fibroma
rare benign stromal tumor
95
fibroma clinical findings
- asymptomatic
- pelvic pain
- urinary or intestinal disturbance
- menopause
96
fibroma sono findings
- solid hypo adnexal mass
- dense mass
- may demonstrate posterior shadowing
- ascities
- 5-10 cm
- unilateral
97
granulosa cell tumor
hormonal tumor
98
granulosa cell tumor clinical findings
- increase in estrogen
- palpable mass
- irregular bleeding
99
granulosa cell tumor sono findings
- solid homo adnexal mass
- complex
- thickening of endo
100
thecoma
- benign stromal tumor
| - produces estrogen
101
thecoma clinical findings
- pelvic pain or pressure
| - menopause
102
thecoma sono findings
- hypo mass
| - prominent posterior shadowing
103
Arteriovenous fistula
- vascular plexus of arteries and veins w/o intervening capillary network
- pelvic surgery
- pelvic trauma
- gestational trophoblastic disease
- malignancy
104
Arteriovenous fistula clinical findings
- menorrhagia
- amenia
- often diagnosded postabortion and postpartum
105
Arteriovenous fistula sono findings
- multiple serpingous anechoic structures w/in myo
- abundant blood flow within the anechoic structure
- intramural mass
- moasiac pattern on doppler
- flow reversal and areas of aliasing
- high- velocity, low resistance arterial flow coupled w/ high velocity venous flow w/ arterial component on spectral analysis
106
Ov Torsion
- partial or complete rotation of oc on its pedicle
| - commonly assoc w/ adnexal mass
107
ov torsion clinical findings
- severe or consistent pelvic pain
- nausea/vomiting
- palpable pelvic mass
108
ov torsion sono findings
- decreased or absent venous and arterial blood flow to the ov
- large hetero ov mass
- free fluid
- coexisting adnexal mass
