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OB Review > Pelvic Anatomy > Flashcards

Pelvic Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Divides the true and false pelvis

A

iliopectineal line

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2
Q

True Pelvis location

A

inferior to pelvic brim

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3
Q

True Pelvis

Anterior Boundary

A

symphysis pubis

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4
Q

True Pelvis

Posterior Boundary

A

sacrum and coccyx

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5
Q

True Pelvis

Posterolateral Wall

A

piriformis and coccygeus muscles

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6
Q

True Pelvis

Anterolateral Wall

A

hip bone and obturator internus muscles

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7
Q

True Pelvis

Lateral Boundaries

A

fused ilium an dischium

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8
Q

True Pelvis

Pelvic Floor

A

levator ani and coccygeus muscles

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9
Q

True Pelvis contains

A

female reproductive system, urinary bladder, distal ureters and bowl

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10
Q

False Pelvis location

A

superior to pelvic brim

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11
Q

False Pelvis

Anterior Boundary

A

abd wall

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12
Q

False Pelvis

Posterior boundary

A

flanged portions of the iliac bones and base of the sacrum

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13
Q

False Pelvis

Lateral Boundaries

A

abd wall

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14
Q

False Pelvis contains

A

loops of bowl

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15
Q

Levator ani group of muscles

A

puborectalis
iliococcygeus
pubococcygeus

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16
Q

what does the Levator ani

A

support and positions the pelvic organ

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17
Q

Levator ani position

A
  • most caudal structure w/in pelvic cavity
  • Medial to obturator internus muscle
  • posterior to vag and cx
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18
Q

Levator ani sono appearence

A
  • low-level, midly curved linear echoes posterior to the vag

- hypoechoic compared to the normal UT

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19
Q

Iliopsoas Muscle

A
  • formed by psoas major and iliacus muscles

- lateral landmark of true pelvis

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20
Q

Iliopsoas location

A
  • anterior and lateral through the false pelvis

- descend until attaching to lesser trochanter of femur

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21
Q

Iliopsoas sono appearence

A

loe-level gray echoes with a distinct central hyperechoic focus

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22
Q

Piriformis muscle

A
  • arise from sacrum
  • form part of pelvic floor
  • course through the greater sciatic notch
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23
Q

Piriformis muscle location

A
  • posterior to ut, ov, vag, and rectum
  • anterior to sacrum
  • course diagonally to the obturator internus muscle
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24
Q

piriformis muscle sono appearence

A
  • low-level linear echoes

- hypoechoic compared to the normal UT

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25
Q

Psoas major

A
  • arise from lumbar spine

- descends into false pelvis

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26
Q

psoas major location

A
  • courses laterally and anteriorly into false pelvis

- exits posterior to the inguinal ligaments

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27
Q

psos major sono appearence

A
  • low-level echogenicity

- round in shape in trans

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28
Q

obturator internus muscle

A
  • lateral margin of true pelvis

- surround the obturator foramen

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29
Q

obturator internus muscle location

A
  • posterior and medial to iliopsoas muscle
  • level of vag
  • lateral to ov
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30
Q

obturator internus muscle sono appearence

A
  • low-level linear echoes abutting the lateral walls of the bladder
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31
Q

Broad ligaments support

A

UT
tubes
ov

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32
Q

broad ligaments location

A

lateral aspect of ut to side wall of pelvis

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33
Q

round ligaments supports

A

ut (fundus)

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34
Q

round ligaments location

A

ut cornua to labia majora b/t the folds of the broad ligaemnts

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35
Q

suspensory ligaments

A

ov

tubes

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36
Q

suspensory ligaments location

A

ov to pelvis sidewall

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37
Q

ov ligaments supports

A

ov

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38
Q

ovarian ligaments location

A

ov to laterl surface of ut

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39
Q

cardinal ligaments supports

A

ut

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40
Q

cardinal ligaments location

A

ut to sacrum

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41
Q

Arcuate Vessels

A

prominent vascular structures in the outer one third of myometrium

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42
Q

Radial arteries arise from

A

arcuate vessels

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43
Q

Spiral arteries of the endo arise from

A

radial arteries

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44
Q

Radial arteries branch into

A

straight arteries to support the inner myometrium and endo

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45
Q

Internal iliac arteries

(hypogastric arteries) supplies the

A

bladder, ut, vag, and rectum

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46
Q

Internal iliac arteries

(hypogastric arteries) give rise to the

A

uterine and ov arteries

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47
Q

Internal iliac arteries

(hypogastric arteries) 4 branches

A

obtruator
umbilical
uterine-vag
superior vesicle arties

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48
Q

Internal iliac vein drains

A

pelvic organ and muscle

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49
Q

ov arteries supplies t the

A

ov

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50
Q

ov arteries connect with the

A

ut arteries

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51
Q

ov veins course within

A

suspensory ligaments

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52
Q

ov vein supply the

A

cx, vag, ut, ov, and tubes

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53
Q

left ov vein empties into

A

left renal vein

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54
Q

right ov vein empties into

A

IVC

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55
Q

UT arteries supply

A

cx, vag, ut, ov, and tubes

56
Q

UT arteries terminate at

A

the confluence with ov artery

57
Q

Radial arteries are apart of the

A

deep layers of the myometrium

58
Q

Ov has a dual supply from what arteries

A

ov and ut

59
Q

Straight arteries (basal) are apart of what layer

A

basal

60
Q

spiral arteries (coiled) are apart of what layer

A

decidual layer

61
Q

Retrouterine Pouch

Posterior cul de sac, Pouch of Douglas

A
  • Anterior to rectum
  • Posterior to ut
  • most common site for fluid to accumulate
62
Q

Space of Retzius

Retropubic Space, Prevesical Space

A
  • Anterior to bladder

- Posterior to symphysis pubis

63
Q

Vesicouterine Pouch

Anterior cul de sac

A
  • Anterior to ut

- Posterior to bladder

64
Q

Vagina

A

collapsed muscular tube located poastior to bladder and urethra and anterior to rectum and anus

65
Q

sides of vag are enclosed between

A

levator ani muscle

66
Q

vag is supplied by the

A

vag and ut arteries

67
Q

vag is emptied by

A

internal iliac veins

68
Q

Uterus

A

hollow, pear shaped retorperitoneal organ

69
Q

ut dervived from the

A

fused caudal portion of paired hollow mullerian ducts

70
Q

The ut is supported by the

A

levator ani muscle, cardinal ligaments, and uterosacral ligaments

71
Q

ut growth

A

begins at approx 7 to 8 yrs of age, accelerates during puberty and continues to grow until approx 20 yrs of age

72
Q

Perimetrium

A
  • serosal/ external surface of ut

- part of parietal peritonium

73
Q

Myometrium

A
  • thickest layer of ut

- three layers: outer, intermediate, and inner layer

74
Q

Myometrium

Outer layer

A
  • adj to serosa

- seperated from the intermediate layer by arcuate vessels

75
Q

Myometrium

Indermediate layer

A

thickest of three layers

76
Q

Myometrium

inner layer

A
  • junctional zone

- thin layer adj to endo

77
Q

Endo

A
  • muscous membrane lining the ut cavity
  • thickness is related to hormone level
  • two layers: functional and basal
78
Q

Ut size varies ccording to

A

age
# of pregnancies
day of menstrual cycle

79
Q

ut is smallest on day

A

12

80
Q

ut is largest on day

A

27

81
Q

ut size does what post menopausal

A

decreases

82
Q

Dextroposed

A

ut body angle to rt of cx

83
Q

Levoposed

A

ut body angled to lt of cx

84
Q

retroverted

A

whole ut is displaced posteriorly

most common

85
Q

Retroflexed

A

only fundus is displaced posteriorly

86
Q

Retrocession

A

is the whole ut and cx is displaced posteriorly

87
Q

Anteverted

A

typical version

body is tilts forward, forming 90 degree angle or less with cervix

88
Q

Anteflexed

A

ut body tilts forward and comes in contact with cervix forming an acute angle between body and cx

89
Q

Basal layer sono appearence

A

hypoechoic

90
Q

functional layer sono appearence

A

hyperechoic

91
Q

What is not included in endo measurement

A

basal and fluid w/in endo

92
Q

UT agenesis

A
  • failure of the caudal mullerian ducts to develop

- fallopian tubes are present

93
Q

UT arcuate

A

septum between the mullerian duct is almost complete resorption of septum with only mild indention of the endo of the fundus

94
Q

UT bicornuate

A
  • partial fusion of the mullerian ducts

- two uteri in superior portion of ut

95
Q

UT didelphys

A

complete fusion of the mullerian ducts to fuse

96
Q

ut septae

A
  • complete fusion of the mullerian ductss with failure to completely reabsorb the septum
  • two ut cavities and one ut fundus
97
Q

ut subseptae

A

complete fusion of the mullerian ducts with partial failure to completely resorb the septum

98
Q

ut unicornuate

A

unilateral development of the paired mullerian ducts

99
Q

Ovaries

A

paired, almond-shaped endocrine gland located lateral to the ut

100
Q

without hormone replacement therapy, the ovaries

A

decrease in size

101
Q

The ovaries are attached to the posterior surface of the broad ligaments by

A

the mesovarian

102
Q

What organ is the only abdominpelvic cavity not lined by peritonuem

A

ov

103
Q

Ov dual supply is through the

A

uterine and ov arteries

104
Q

Cortex of the ov

A

consists of follicles and is covered with tunica albuginea

105
Q

medulla of the ov

A

composed of connective tissue and contains nerves, blood, lymph vessels, and smooth muscle at the hilus region

106
Q

tunica albuginea

A
  • outer layer

- surrounded by a thin layer of germinal epithelium

107
Q

Each ov is connected by

A
  • mesovarian lig to the broad lig
  • uterovarian lig to inf portion of ut
  • suspensory lig to pelvic sidewall
  • medial, lateral and posterior borders of each ov are not attached
108
Q

Function of ov

A
  • produce ova

- produce hormones

109
Q

Estrogen is secreted by

A

follicles

110
Q

progestrone is secreted by

A

corpus luteum

111
Q

Sono appearence of ov

A

isoechoic to hypoechoic compared to ut

112
Q

Hypoechoic periphery of the ov represents the

A

tunica albuginea

113
Q

During mensas and early proliferative phases, the ov artery demonstrated what kind of flow

A

high resistive with a low flow velocity

114
Q

Resistive index of ov

A

.4-.8

115
Q

Pulsatiliyu index of ov

A

.6-2.5

116
Q

Menarche ov measurements

A

2.5-5 cm length
1.5-3 cm height
.9-2.2cm width

117
Q

ov valume varies with

A

age, menstural status, body habitus, preg status, and phase of menstrual cycle

118
Q

lowest volume of ov is during

A

luteal phase

119
Q

highest volume of ov is during

A

periovartory phase

120
Q

Large volumes of ov at birth as a result of

A

maternal hormones

121
Q

stable volume of ov up to age

A

5 yrs old

122
Q

volume of ov peaks in

A

3rd decade

123
Q

volume of ov declines at

A

5th decade

124
Q

L-shaped ovaries

A

normal ov variant giving the appearence of two arms

125
Q

Agenesis of the ov is assoc with

A

abnormal karyotype

126
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

paired muscular tubesbes

127
Q

Fallopian tubes are derived from

A

nonfused cranial portion of the mullerian ducts

128
Q

Fallopian tubes contained in

A

the superior portion of the broad lig and covered by peritoneum

129
Q

Fallopian tubes are composed of an

A

outer layer of peritoneum, middle muscular layer, and an internal mucosal layer

130
Q

Function of the fallopian tubes

A

attract and transfer ova from the surface of the ov to the endo cavity

131
Q

Interstitial of fallopian tubes

A
  • passes through the cornua of the ut

- narrowest portion

132
Q

isthmus of fallopian tubes

A
  • immedialty adj to ut wall

- short, straight, narrow portion of tube

133
Q

ampulla of fallopian tubes

A
  • widest, longest, and most coiled portion
  • region where fertilizationg occurs
  • most common area for ectpoics
134
Q

infundibulum of fallopian tubes

A
  • funnel-shaped distal portion of tubes
  • terminates at fimbrial processes
  • one fimbriae is attached to ov
  • opens into the peritoneal cavity adj to ov
135
Q

size of fallopian tube

A
  • 7 - 12 cm

- 8 - 10 mm in diameter

136
Q

fallopian tube is lined with

A

mucosa

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