Pelvic Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Divides the true and false pelvis
A
iliopectineal line
2
Q
True Pelvis location
A
inferior to pelvic brim
3
Q
True Pelvis
Anterior Boundary
A
symphysis pubis
4
Q
True Pelvis
Posterior Boundary
A
sacrum and coccyx
5
Q
True Pelvis
Posterolateral Wall
A
piriformis and coccygeus muscles
6
Q
True Pelvis
Anterolateral Wall
A
hip bone and obturator internus muscles
7
Q
True Pelvis
Lateral Boundaries
A
fused ilium an dischium
8
Q
True Pelvis
Pelvic Floor
A
levator ani and coccygeus muscles
9
Q
True Pelvis contains
A
female reproductive system, urinary bladder, distal ureters and bowl
10
Q
False Pelvis location
A
superior to pelvic brim
11
Q
False Pelvis
Anterior Boundary
A
abd wall
12
Q
False Pelvis
Posterior boundary
A
flanged portions of the iliac bones and base of the sacrum
13
Q
False Pelvis
Lateral Boundaries
A
abd wall
14
Q
False Pelvis contains
A
loops of bowl
15
Q
Levator ani group of muscles
A
puborectalis
iliococcygeus
pubococcygeus
16
Q
what does the Levator ani
A
support and positions the pelvic organ
17
Q
Levator ani position
A
- most caudal structure w/in pelvic cavity
- Medial to obturator internus muscle
- posterior to vag and cx
18
Q
Levator ani sono appearence
A
- low-level, midly curved linear echoes posterior to the vag
- hypoechoic compared to the normal UT
19
Q
Iliopsoas Muscle
A
- formed by psoas major and iliacus muscles
- lateral landmark of true pelvis
20
Q
Iliopsoas location
A
- anterior and lateral through the false pelvis
- descend until attaching to lesser trochanter of femur
21
Q
Iliopsoas sono appearence
A
loe-level gray echoes with a distinct central hyperechoic focus
22
Q
Piriformis muscle
A
- arise from sacrum
- form part of pelvic floor
- course through the greater sciatic notch
23
Q
Piriformis muscle location
A
- posterior to ut, ov, vag, and rectum
- anterior to sacrum
- course diagonally to the obturator internus muscle
24
Q
piriformis muscle sono appearence
A
- low-level linear echoes
- hypoechoic compared to the normal UT
25
Psoas major
- arise from lumbar spine
| - descends into false pelvis
26
psoas major location
- courses laterally and anteriorly into false pelvis
| - exits posterior to the inguinal ligaments
27
psos major sono appearence
- low-level echogenicity
| - round in shape in trans
28
obturator internus muscle
- lateral margin of true pelvis
| - surround the obturator foramen
29
obturator internus muscle location
- posterior and medial to iliopsoas muscle
- level of vag
- lateral to ov
30
obturator internus muscle sono appearence
- low-level linear echoes abutting the lateral walls of the bladder
31
Broad ligaments support
UT
tubes
ov
32
broad ligaments location
lateral aspect of ut to side wall of pelvis
33
round ligaments supports
ut (fundus)
34
round ligaments location
ut cornua to labia majora b/t the folds of the broad ligaemnts
35
suspensory ligaments
ov
| tubes
36
suspensory ligaments location
ov to pelvis sidewall
37
ov ligaments supports
ov
38
ovarian ligaments location
ov to laterl surface of ut
39
cardinal ligaments supports
ut
40
cardinal ligaments location
ut to sacrum
41
Arcuate Vessels
prominent vascular structures in the outer one third of myometrium
42
Radial arteries arise from
arcuate vessels
43
Spiral arteries of the endo arise from
radial arteries
44
Radial arteries branch into
straight arteries to support the inner myometrium and endo
45
Internal iliac arteries
| (hypogastric arteries) supplies the
bladder, ut, vag, and rectum
46
Internal iliac arteries
| (hypogastric arteries) give rise to the
uterine and ov arteries
47
Internal iliac arteries
| (hypogastric arteries) 4 branches
obtruator
umbilical
uterine-vag
superior vesicle arties
48
Internal iliac vein drains
pelvic organ and muscle
49
ov arteries supplies t the
ov
50
ov arteries connect with the
ut arteries
51
ov veins course within
suspensory ligaments
52
ov vein supply the
cx, vag, ut, ov, and tubes
53
left ov vein empties into
left renal vein
54
right ov vein empties into
IVC
55
UT arteries supply
cx, vag, ut, ov, and tubes
56
UT arteries terminate at
the confluence with ov artery
57
Radial arteries are apart of the
deep layers of the myometrium
58
Ov has a dual supply from what arteries
ov and ut
59
Straight arteries (basal) are apart of what layer
basal
60
spiral arteries (coiled) are apart of what layer
decidual layer
61
Retrouterine Pouch
| Posterior cul de sac, Pouch of Douglas
- Anterior to rectum
- Posterior to ut
- most common site for fluid to accumulate
62
Space of Retzius
| Retropubic Space, Prevesical Space
- Anterior to bladder
| - Posterior to symphysis pubis
63
Vesicouterine Pouch
| Anterior cul de sac
- Anterior to ut
| - Posterior to bladder
64
Vagina
collapsed muscular tube located poastior to bladder and urethra and anterior to rectum and anus
65
sides of vag are enclosed between
levator ani muscle
66
vag is supplied by the
vag and ut arteries
67
vag is emptied by
internal iliac veins
68
Uterus
hollow, pear shaped retorperitoneal organ
69
ut dervived from the
fused caudal portion of paired hollow mullerian ducts
70
The ut is supported by the
levator ani muscle, cardinal ligaments, and uterosacral ligaments
71
ut growth
begins at approx 7 to 8 yrs of age, accelerates during puberty and continues to grow until approx 20 yrs of age
72
Perimetrium
- serosal/ external surface of ut
| - part of parietal peritonium
73
Myometrium
- thickest layer of ut
| - three layers: outer, intermediate, and inner layer
74
Myometrium
| Outer layer
- adj to serosa
| - seperated from the intermediate layer by arcuate vessels
75
Myometrium
| Indermediate layer
thickest of three layers
76
Myometrium
| inner layer
- junctional zone
| - thin layer adj to endo
77
Endo
- muscous membrane lining the ut cavity
- thickness is related to hormone level
- two layers: functional and basal
78
Ut size varies ccording to
age
# of pregnancies
day of menstrual cycle
79
ut is smallest on day
12
80
ut is largest on day
27
81
ut size does what post menopausal
decreases
82
Dextroposed
ut body angle to rt of cx
83
Levoposed
ut body angled to lt of cx
84
retroverted
whole ut is displaced posteriorly
| most common
85
Retroflexed
only fundus is displaced posteriorly
86
Retrocession
is the whole ut and cx is displaced posteriorly
87
Anteverted
typical version
| body is tilts forward, forming 90 degree angle or less with cervix
88
Anteflexed
ut body tilts forward and comes in contact with cervix forming an acute angle between body and cx
89
Basal layer sono appearence
hypoechoic
90
functional layer sono appearence
hyperechoic
91
What is not included in endo measurement
basal and fluid w/in endo
92
UT agenesis
- failure of the caudal mullerian ducts to develop
| - fallopian tubes are present
93
UT arcuate
septum between the mullerian duct is almost complete resorption of septum with only mild indention of the endo of the fundus
94
UT bicornuate
- partial fusion of the mullerian ducts
| - two uteri in superior portion of ut
95
UT didelphys
complete fusion of the mullerian ducts to fuse
96
ut septae
- complete fusion of the mullerian ductss with failure to completely reabsorb the septum
- two ut cavities and one ut fundus
97
ut subseptae
complete fusion of the mullerian ducts with partial failure to completely resorb the septum
98
ut unicornuate
unilateral development of the paired mullerian ducts
99
Ovaries
paired, almond-shaped endocrine gland located lateral to the ut
100
without hormone replacement therapy, the ovaries
decrease in size
101
The ovaries are attached to the posterior surface of the broad ligaments by
the mesovarian
102
What organ is the only abdominpelvic cavity not lined by peritonuem
ov
103
Ov dual supply is through the
uterine and ov arteries
104
Cortex of the ov
consists of follicles and is covered with tunica albuginea
105
medulla of the ov
composed of connective tissue and contains nerves, blood, lymph vessels, and smooth muscle at the hilus region
106
tunica albuginea
- outer layer
| - surrounded by a thin layer of germinal epithelium
107
Each ov is connected by
- mesovarian lig to the broad lig
- uterovarian lig to inf portion of ut
- suspensory lig to pelvic sidewall
- medial, lateral and posterior borders of each ov are not attached
108
Function of ov
- produce ova
| - produce hormones
109
Estrogen is secreted by
follicles
110
progestrone is secreted by
corpus luteum
111
Sono appearence of ov
isoechoic to hypoechoic compared to ut
112
Hypoechoic periphery of the ov represents the
tunica albuginea
113
During mensas and early proliferative phases, the ov artery demonstrated what kind of flow
high resistive with a low flow velocity
114
Resistive index of ov
.4-.8
115
Pulsatiliyu index of ov
.6-2.5
116
Menarche ov measurements
2.5-5 cm length
1.5-3 cm height
.9-2.2cm width
117
ov valume varies with
age, menstural status, body habitus, preg status, and phase of menstrual cycle
118
lowest volume of ov is during
luteal phase
119
highest volume of ov is during
periovartory phase
120
Large volumes of ov at birth as a result of
maternal hormones
121
stable volume of ov up to age
5 yrs old
122
volume of ov peaks in
3rd decade
123
volume of ov declines at
5th decade
124
L-shaped ovaries
normal ov variant giving the appearence of two arms
125
Agenesis of the ov is assoc with
abnormal karyotype
126
Fallopian tubes
paired muscular tubesbes
127
Fallopian tubes are derived from
nonfused cranial portion of the mullerian ducts
128
Fallopian tubes contained in
the superior portion of the broad lig and covered by peritoneum
129
Fallopian tubes are composed of an
outer layer of peritoneum, middle muscular layer, and an internal mucosal layer
130
Function of the fallopian tubes
attract and transfer ova from the surface of the ov to the endo cavity
131
Interstitial of fallopian tubes
- passes through the cornua of the ut
| - narrowest portion
132
isthmus of fallopian tubes
- immedialty adj to ut wall
| - short, straight, narrow portion of tube
133
ampulla of fallopian tubes
- widest, longest, and most coiled portion
- region where fertilizationg occurs
- most common area for ectpoics
134
infundibulum of fallopian tubes
- funnel-shaped distal portion of tubes
- terminates at fimbrial processes
- one fimbriae is attached to ov
- opens into the peritoneal cavity adj to ov
135
size of fallopian tube
- 7 - 12 cm
| - 8 - 10 mm in diameter
136
fallopian tube is lined with
mucosa
