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OB Review > Physiology of the Femal Pelvis > Flashcards

Physiology of the Femal Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

Length of menstrual cycle ranges between

A

21 + 35 w

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2
Q

Rupture of a graffian follicle occurs during what ut cycle

A

Menstrual Cycle

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3
Q

Estradiol Levels

A

Follicular: 30-100 pg/ml
Ovulatory: 200-400 pg/ml
Luteal: 50-140 pg/ml

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4
Q

Estradiol reflects the activity of

A

ovaries

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5
Q

During pregnancy, estradiol levels

A

will steadily rise

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6
Q

Small amounts of Estradiol is present in

A

adrenal cortex and arterial walls

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7
Q

Estrogen Levels

A

5 - 100 ug/24h

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8
Q

Estrogen

A

female sex hormone

produced by follicles and placenta

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9
Q

Stimulates the production of estrogen in ovaries

A

FSH + LH

follicle-stimulating hormones and lutenizing hormone

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10
Q

Produce small amounts of estrogen

A

breast, liver, and adrenal gland

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11
Q

Estrogen Functions

A

formation of female secondary sex characteristics
accelerate growth in height and metabolism
reduce muscle mass
stimulate endo growth and proliferation
increase uterine growth

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12
Q

Follicle- Stimulating Hormones (FSH)

A

Premenopause: 4-25 mU/mL
Postmenopause: 4-30 mU/mL

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13
Q

FSH

A

initiates follicular growth and stimulates the maturation of graafian follicles

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14
Q

FSH secreted by

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

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15
Q

FSH decline in _____ phase and increase @ ________ phase

A

later follicular

end luteal

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16
Q

FSH produced by

A

hypothalamus

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17
Q

Stimulates PSH production

A

low-levels of estrogen

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18
Q

Lutenizing Hormone Levels

A

Follicular: 2-10 u/L
Midcycle peak: 15-65 u/L
Luteal: 10-12 u/L
Postmenopause: 1.3-2.1 mg/mL

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19
Q

LH is essential

A

in both men and women for reproduction

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20
Q

LH is secreted by

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

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21
Q

Stimulates LH production

A

increase estrogen levels

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22
Q

Corpus Luteum produces

A

progestrone to prepare the endo for implantation

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23
Q

LH surge lasts

A

only 48 hours

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24
Q

LH surge triggers

A

ovulation and initiates the conversion of residual follicle into corpus luteum

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25
LH produced by
hypthalamus
26
Progestrone is produced in
adrenal gland, corpus luteum, brain, and placenta
27
Progestrone Function
prepare endo for implantation or starting next cycle
28
Progestrone Levels
Follicular: .1-15 ng/mL Luteal: 2.5-28 ng/mL
29
Progestrone levels increase during
pregnancy and after ovulation
30
progestrone levels decrease during
childhood
31
Progestrone levels remain the same during
luteal phase
32
Endo Thickness
shouldnt exceed 14 mm
33
Fluid w/in endo should or shouldnt be measuring w/in endo measurement
shouldnt
34
Thickness of postmenopausal endo w/o hormone replacement should not exceed
8 mm | considered benign if 5 mm or less
35
Premanarche
- time before onset of menses - follicular cyst may be present - cervix to corpus 2:1
36
Menstrual Phase of Endo
occurs days 1-5
37
Menstrual Phase of Endo | Functional Layer undergoes
necrosis from a decrease in estrogen and progestrone
38
Early Menstrual Phase of Endo
hypoechoic, 4-8 mm
39
Late Menstrual Phase of Endo
thin, discrete, hyperechoic, 2-3mm
40
Proliferative Phase of Endo
day 6-14 | overlaps postmenopausal
41
Proliferative Phase of Endo | increase estrogen
regenerates functional layer
42
Proliferative Phase of Endo | coincides w/
folliclar phase of the ovaries
43
Early Proliferative Phase of Endo
days 6-9, thin, echogneic, 4-6mm
44
Late Proliferative Phase of Endo
days 10-14, triple line, 6-10 mm, thick hypoechoic functional layer and hyperechoic basal layer
45
Secretory Phase of Endo
day 15-28, 7-14 mm
46
Secretory Phase of Endo | functional layer
thickens
47
Secretory Phase of Endo | progestrone increase
stimulates changes
48
Secretory Phase of Endo | Functional and Basal Layer
Functional Layer is hyperechoic | Basal Layer is hypoechoic
49
How many follicles are in an ovary at birth?
200,000
50
Secretion of _______ stimulates folliclar development
FSH
51
Ovulation is regualted by
hypothalamus
52
LH reaches its peak
10-12 hours before ovulation
53
Triggers ovulation
surge in LH and small FSH surge
54
Follicular Phase of the Ov
begins at start of menstruation ends at ovulation 14 days estrogen levels increase
55
Follicular Phase of Ov | What happens between 5 + 7
dominant secondary follicle is determined
56
Follicular Phase of Ov | FSH stimulates the growth of
primary follicle
57
Dominant follicle will grow ____ mm/day during what phase?
2-3 | follicular
58
Early Follicular Phase of Ov
- multiple small anechoic functional cyst | - 5-11 small follicles begin to develop
59
Late Follicular Phase of Ov
- graafian follicle reaches 2-2.4 cm in diameter before ovulation - visualization of cumulos oophorus increase probability ovulatoin will occur w.in the next 46 hours
60
Ovulatory Phase of the Ov
- occurs at the rupture of the graafian follicle - day 14 - irregular shaped cystic structure - small amount of fluid in caul-de-sac
61
Mittelscherz
pelvic pain increase over ovulatory ov
62
Luteal Phase of Ov
- begins post-ovulation - day 15-28 - 14 day span
63
During Luteal Phase of Ov, corpus luteum
- grows for 7-8 days | - secretes some estrogen and an increasing amount of progestrone
64
Luteal Phase of Ov | If ovum is fertilized
corpus luteum will secrete progestrone
65
Luteal Phase of Ov | If fertilization doesn't occur
corpus luteum regresses after approx. 9 days and progestrone levels decrease
66
Postmenopausal
- cessation of menstruation for 12 months - 15% of cases will have simple ov cyst - less than 5 cm benign
67
Postmenopausal w/ hormone replacement therapy
- includes estrogen and progesterone | - endo thickness varies, should measure
68
Postmenopausal w/o hormone replacement therapy
- UT decreases in length and width - endo thickness shouldnt exceed 8 mm in asymptomatic or 5 mm with vag bleeding - ov atrophy - decrease in estrogen shorten vag and decrease cervical muscous
69
Corpus luteum cyst etiology
formed by ruptured graafian follicle
70
Corpus luteal cyst clinical findings
- asymptomatic | - pelvic pain

OB Review (12 decks)

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