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OB Review > Physiology of the Femal Pelvis > Flashcards

Physiology of the Femal Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

Length of menstrual cycle ranges between

A

21 + 35 w

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2
Q

Rupture of a graffian follicle occurs during what ut cycle

A

Menstrual Cycle

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3
Q

Estradiol Levels

A

Follicular: 30-100 pg/ml
Ovulatory: 200-400 pg/ml
Luteal: 50-140 pg/ml

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4
Q

Estradiol reflects the activity of

A

ovaries

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5
Q

During pregnancy, estradiol levels

A

will steadily rise

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6
Q

Small amounts of Estradiol is present in

A

adrenal cortex and arterial walls

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7
Q

Estrogen Levels

A

5 - 100 ug/24h

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8
Q

Estrogen

A

female sex hormone

produced by follicles and placenta

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9
Q

Stimulates the production of estrogen in ovaries

A

FSH + LH

follicle-stimulating hormones and lutenizing hormone

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10
Q

Produce small amounts of estrogen

A

breast, liver, and adrenal gland

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11
Q

Estrogen Functions

A

formation of female secondary sex characteristics
accelerate growth in height and metabolism
reduce muscle mass
stimulate endo growth and proliferation
increase uterine growth

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12
Q

Follicle- Stimulating Hormones (FSH)

A

Premenopause: 4-25 mU/mL
Postmenopause: 4-30 mU/mL

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13
Q

FSH

A

initiates follicular growth and stimulates the maturation of graafian follicles

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14
Q

FSH secreted by

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

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15
Q

FSH decline in _____ phase and increase @ ________ phase

A

later follicular

end luteal

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16
Q

FSH produced by

A

hypothalamus

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17
Q

Stimulates PSH production

A

low-levels of estrogen

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18
Q

Lutenizing Hormone Levels

A

Follicular: 2-10 u/L
Midcycle peak: 15-65 u/L
Luteal: 10-12 u/L
Postmenopause: 1.3-2.1 mg/mL

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19
Q

LH is essential

A

in both men and women for reproduction

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20
Q

LH is secreted by

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

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21
Q

Stimulates LH production

A

increase estrogen levels

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22
Q

Corpus Luteum produces

A

progestrone to prepare the endo for implantation

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23
Q

LH surge lasts

A

only 48 hours

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24
Q

LH surge triggers

A

ovulation and initiates the conversion of residual follicle into corpus luteum

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25
Q

LH produced by

A

hypthalamus

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26
Q

Progestrone is produced in

A

adrenal gland, corpus luteum, brain, and placenta

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27
Q

Progestrone Function

A

prepare endo for implantation or starting next cycle

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28
Q

Progestrone Levels

A

Follicular: .1-15 ng/mL
Luteal: 2.5-28 ng/mL

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29
Q

Progestrone levels increase during

A

pregnancy and after ovulation

30
Q

progestrone levels decrease during

31
Q

Progestrone levels remain the same during

A

luteal phase

32
Q

Endo Thickness

A

shouldnt exceed 14 mm

33
Q

Fluid w/in endo should or shouldnt be measuring w/in endo measurement

34
Q

Thickness of postmenopausal endo w/o hormone replacement should not exceed

A

8 mm

considered benign if 5 mm or less

35
Q

Premanarche

A
  • time before onset of menses
  • follicular cyst may be present
  • cervix to corpus 2:1
36
Q

Menstrual Phase of Endo

A

occurs days 1-5

37
Q

Menstrual Phase of Endo

Functional Layer undergoes

A

necrosis from a decrease in estrogen and progestrone

38
Q

Early Menstrual Phase of Endo

A

hypoechoic, 4-8 mm

39
Q

Late Menstrual Phase of Endo

A

thin, discrete, hyperechoic, 2-3mm

40
Q

Proliferative Phase of Endo

A

day 6-14

overlaps postmenopausal

41
Q

Proliferative Phase of Endo

increase estrogen

A

regenerates functional layer

42
Q

Proliferative Phase of Endo

coincides w/

A

folliclar phase of the ovaries

43
Q

Early Proliferative Phase of Endo

A

days 6-9, thin, echogneic, 4-6mm

44
Q

Late Proliferative Phase of Endo

A

days 10-14, triple line, 6-10 mm, thick hypoechoic functional layer and hyperechoic basal layer

45
Q

Secretory Phase of Endo

A

day 15-28, 7-14 mm

46
Q

Secretory Phase of Endo

functional layer

47
Q

Secretory Phase of Endo

progestrone increase

A

stimulates changes

48
Q

Secretory Phase of Endo

Functional and Basal Layer

A

Functional Layer is hyperechoic

Basal Layer is hypoechoic

49
Q

How many follicles are in an ovary at birth?

50
Q

Secretion of _______ stimulates folliclar development

51
Q

Ovulation is regualted by

A

hypothalamus

52
Q

LH reaches its peak

A

10-12 hours before ovulation

53
Q

Triggers ovulation

A

surge in LH and small FSH surge

54
Q

Follicular Phase of the Ov

A

begins at start of menstruation
ends at ovulation
14 days
estrogen levels increase

55
Q

Follicular Phase of Ov

What happens between 5 + 7

A

dominant secondary follicle is determined

56
Q

Follicular Phase of Ov

FSH stimulates the growth of

A

primary follicle

57
Q

Dominant follicle will grow ____ mm/day during what phase?

A

2-3

follicular

58
Q

Early Follicular Phase of Ov

A
  • multiple small anechoic functional cyst

- 5-11 small follicles begin to develop

59
Q

Late Follicular Phase of Ov

A
  • graafian follicle reaches 2-2.4 cm in diameter before ovulation
  • visualization of cumulos oophorus increase probability ovulatoin will occur w.in the next 46 hours
60
Q

Ovulatory Phase of the Ov

A
  • occurs at the rupture of the graafian follicle
  • day 14
  • irregular shaped cystic structure
  • small amount of fluid in caul-de-sac
61
Q

Mittelscherz

A

pelvic pain increase over ovulatory ov

62
Q

Luteal Phase of Ov

A
  • begins post-ovulation
  • day 15-28
  • 14 day span
63
Q

During Luteal Phase of Ov, corpus luteum

A
  • grows for 7-8 days

- secretes some estrogen and an increasing amount of progestrone

64
Q

Luteal Phase of Ov

If ovum is fertilized

A

corpus luteum will secrete progestrone

65
Q

Luteal Phase of Ov

If fertilization doesn’t occur

A

corpus luteum regresses after approx. 9 days and progestrone levels decrease

66
Q

Postmenopausal

A
  • cessation of menstruation for 12 months
  • 15% of cases will have simple ov cyst
    • less than 5 cm benign
67
Q

Postmenopausal w/ hormone replacement therapy

A
  • includes estrogen and progesterone

- endo thickness varies, should measure

68
Q

Postmenopausal w/o hormone replacement therapy

A
  • UT decreases in length and width
  • endo thickness shouldnt exceed 8 mm in asymptomatic or 5 mm with vag bleeding
  • ov atrophy
  • decrease in estrogen shorten vag and decrease cervical muscous
69
Q

Corpus luteum cyst etiology

A

formed by ruptured graafian follicle

70
Q

Corpus luteal cyst clinical findings

A
  • asymptomatic

- pelvic pain

OB Review (12 decks)

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