Complication In Pregnancy

Question 1

Edward Syndrome: Tris 18

Answer 1

heart defects 
choriod plexus
clenched hands
micrognathia
clubbed/ rockerbottom feet
renal anomalies
cleft lip and palate
omphalocele
- enlargement of CM
microcephaly
small plac
2 vessel cord
IUGR

Question 2

what percent of edwards syndrome miscarry

Answer 2

95%

Question 3

Down’s Syndrome: Tris 21

Answer 3

subtle anomalies
nuchal fold > 6 mm
ventricular spetal defect
duodenal atresia
bracycephaly
hyperechoic cardiac focus
macroglossia
hyperechoic bowl
sandal toe deformity
clinodactyly
low set ears
short stature

Question 4

Patau Syndrome: Tris 13

Answer 4

holoprosencephaly
microcephaly
cystic hygroma
absent or small eyes
facial cleft
cardiac defects
omphalocele 
polycystic kidneys
clubfoot
polydactyly
IUGR
poly

Question 5

Triploidy

Answer 5

three complete sets of chromosomes
Early onset IUGR
holoprosencephaly
hypertelorism
micrognathia
microphthalmia
ventriculomgealy
oligo
2 vessel cord
cardiac abnormalities
clubfeet 
syndactyly

Question 6

Turner Syndrome

Answer 6

45 chromosomes, including a single x chromosome
cystic hygroma
cardiac defects
renal anomalies
cubitus valgus
short femurs
general lymph edema

Question 7

Malformation

Answer 7

defect of an organ that results from an intriniscally and development process

Question 8

Deformation

Answer 8

abnormal form, shape or position of a part caused by mechanical forces antenatally

Question 9

Disruption

Answer 9

defect of an organ resulting from the breakdown of previously normal tissue

Question 10

Sequence

Answer 10

refers to a pattern of multiple anomalies that results from a single anomaly or mechanical factor

Question 11

amniotic band syndrome

Answer 11

• ruptured amnion sticks and entangles fetal parts

- assoc with fetal abnormalities and amputation

Question 12

amniotic band syndrome sono findings

Answer 12

thin hyper linear structure floating withing amniotic cavity

Question 13

beckwith weidamann syndrome increase risk of developing

Answer 13

wilms tumor
hemihypertrophy
renal anomalies
hepatosplenomegaly

Question 14

beckwith weidamann syndrome sono findings

Answer 14

hemihypertrophy
macroglossia
omphalocele

Question 15

eagle barrett syndrome

Answer 15

prune belly

hypotonic abd wall muscle

Question 16

eagle barrett syndrome assoc with

Answer 16

dilated bladder
small thorax
imperforate anus

Question 17

eagle barrett syndrome sono findings

Answer 17

hydronephrosis
megaureter
oligo
small thorax
large abd
cyrotorchidism
hip dislocation
scoliosis

Question 18

limb body wall complex

Answer 18

• rare complex malformation caused by failure of closure of ventral body wall

Question 19

limb body wall complex

two or more of these

Answer 19

limb defect
lateral wall defect
encephalocele
exencephaly
facial defect
scoliosis

Question 20

limb body wall complex sono findings

Answer 20

ventral wall defect
cranial anomalies
marked scoliosis
limb defects
short umbilical cord
amniotic band

Question 21

meckel gruber syndrome

Answer 21

lethal
autosomal recessive
encephalocele
infantile polycystic renals
oligo
bladder not vis
polydactyly

Question 22

pentalogy of cantrell

Answer 22

congenital disorder characterized by two out of the following defects

1. cardiac defect
2. abd wall defect
3. diaphragmatic hernia
4. defect of diaphragmatic pericardium
5. ectopia cordis

Question 23

pentalogy of cantrell sono findings

Answer 23

pulsating mass outside chest cavity
omphalocele
gastroschisis

Question 24

hydrops fetalis

Answer 24

abnormal interstitial accumulation of fluid in the body cavities and soft tissues

Question 25

fluid accumulation may result in

Answer 25

anasarca, ascites, pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, placentomegaly, and poly

Question 26

Hydrops may results from

Answer 26

amniotics in the maternal circulation that destroy that fetal red blood cells (immune) of w/o evidence of blood group incompatibility (nonimmune)

Question 27

Immune Hydrops

Answer 27

rh sensitivity

Question 28

immune hydrops sono findings

Answer 28

``` scalp edema pleural effusion pericadiacl effusion poly placentomegaly ```

Question 29

nonimmune hydrops

Answer 29

large for dates

Question 30

nonimmune hydrops sono findings

Answer 30

``` anasarca edem or fluid accumulation in two site ascities scalp edema pleural effusion pericadiacl effusion poly placentomegaly tachycardia 200-240 bpm ```

Question 31

What percent of pregnnacies beginning with twins will deliver a singleton pregnancy

Answer 31

70%

Question 32

Monozygotic twins

Answer 32

single fertilized ovum

Question 33

dizygotic twins

Answer 33

two seperate ova

Question 34

majority of pregnancies are

Answer 34

dizygotic

Question 35

dizygotic pregnancies are always

Answer 35

di di

Question 36

most common cause of discordant growth in dichorionic multifetal gestation

Answer 36

iugr

Question 37

most common cause of discordant growth in monochorionic twins

Answer 37

twin to twin transfusion

Question 38

di di

Answer 38

- zygote splits within 3-5 days of fertilization | - 4 layer membrane

Question 39

di di sono findings

Answer 39

- two or more individual gestational sac and plac | - twick membrane with v shape called twin peak

Question 40

monochorioinc diamniotic

Answer 40

- zygote splits 5-10 days after fertilization | - 3 layer membrane

Question 41

mono di sono findings

Answer 41

- two or more individual gestational sac with shared placenta - membrane attachment of one chorion creates a t shape - moderately thick membrane

Question 42

mono mono

Answer 42

zygote splits 10-14 days postfertilization

Question 43

mono mono sono findings

Answer 43

two or more fetuses single sac no membrane

Question 44

acardiac twin

Answer 44

- mono di - rare - twin reversed arterial perfusion syndrome - blood is shunted through a vein to vein and art to art anastomoses from the normal or pump twin to the acardiac twin - places a large cardiovascular burden on the normal twin

Question 45

acardiac twin sono findings

Answer 45

partially imaged normal fetus and a large perfused tissue mass lacking an upper body

Question 46

acardiac twin sono findings | acardiac twin

Answer 46

poorly developed upper body anencephaly absent or rudimentary heart limbs may be present but truncated

Question 47

acardiac twin sono findings | normal twin may develop

Answer 47

hydrops poly cardiac failure

Question 48

conjoined twins

Answer 48

monozygotic fusion of twin fetuses usually ant and one body part

Question 49

conjoined twins sono findings

Answer 49

inseparable fetal bodies and skin contours limited or no fetal position change no membrane

Question 50

stuck twin/ poly oli

Answer 50

mono di | usually menifest between 16 and 26 gestational w

Question 51

stuck twin sono findings

Answer 51

one twin displays poly | one has oligo

Question 52

twin to twin transfusion syndrome

Answer 52

- same sex fetuses - single placenta - arterial blood of donor twin pumps into venous system of recipient twin (arteriovenous anastomosis) - recipient twin ultimately recieves too much blood ( may be arterial to arterial anastomosis)

Question 53

twin to twin transfusion syndrome sono findings

Answer 53

fetal weight >20% donor twin may display iugr and oligo receiving twin may acquire hydrops fetalis and poly thin membrane

Question 54

vanishing twin

Answer 54

early fetal demise of one embryo

Question 55

vanishing twin sono findings

Answer 55

twin preg demised twin resolves becomes singleton pregnancy

Question 56

amniocentesis

Answer 56

used to analyze fetal chromosomes in early pregnancy typically between 15 - 18 gest w performed as early as 12 w

Question 57

chorionic villi sampling

Answer 57

performed between 10 - 12 w | results in 1 w

Question 58

cordocentesis

Answer 58

- used to analyze fetal chromosomes - fetal blood is aspirated through umbilical cord - determine relationship between the lie or ut and cx

Question 59

embryoscopy

Answer 59

permits direct viewing of developing fetus