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OB Review > Complication In Pregnancy > Flashcards

Complication In Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Edward Syndrome: Tris 18

A 
heart defects 
choriod plexus
clenched hands
micrognathia
clubbed/ rockerbottom feet
renal anomalies
cleft lip and palate
omphalocele
- enlargement of CM
microcephaly
small plac
2 vessel cord
IUGR
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2
Q

what percent of edwards syndrome miscarry

A

95%

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3
Q

Down’s Syndrome: Tris 21

A 
subtle anomalies
nuchal fold > 6 mm
ventricular spetal defect
duodenal atresia
bracycephaly
hyperechoic cardiac focus
macroglossia
hyperechoic bowl
sandal toe deformity
clinodactyly
low set ears
short stature
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4
Q

Patau Syndrome: Tris 13

A 
holoprosencephaly
microcephaly
cystic hygroma
absent or small eyes
facial cleft
cardiac defects
omphalocele 
polycystic kidneys
clubfoot
polydactyly
IUGR
poly
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5
Q

Triploidy

A 
three complete sets of chromosomes
Early onset IUGR
holoprosencephaly
hypertelorism
micrognathia
microphthalmia
ventriculomgealy
oligo
2 vessel cord
cardiac abnormalities
clubfeet 
syndactyly
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6
Q

Turner Syndrome

A 
45 chromosomes, including a single x chromosome
cystic hygroma
cardiac defects
renal anomalies
cubitus valgus
short femurs
general lymph edema
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7
Q

Malformation

A

defect of an organ that results from an intriniscally and development process

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8
Q

Deformation

A

abnormal form, shape or position of a part caused by mechanical forces antenatally

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9
Q

Disruption

A

defect of an organ resulting from the breakdown of previously normal tissue

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10
Q

Sequence

A

refers to a pattern of multiple anomalies that results from a single anomaly or mechanical factor

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11
Q

amniotic band syndrome

A
  • ruptured amnion sticks and entangles fetal parts

- assoc with fetal abnormalities and amputation

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12
Q

amniotic band syndrome sono findings

A

thin hyper linear structure floating withing amniotic cavity

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13
Q

beckwith weidamann syndrome increase risk of developing

A

wilms tumor
hemihypertrophy
renal anomalies
hepatosplenomegaly

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14
Q

beckwith weidamann syndrome sono findings

A

hemihypertrophy
macroglossia
omphalocele

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15
Q

eagle barrett syndrome

A

prune belly

hypotonic abd wall muscle

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16
Q

eagle barrett syndrome assoc with

A

dilated bladder
small thorax
imperforate anus

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17
Q

eagle barrett syndrome sono findings

A 
hydronephrosis
megaureter
oligo
small thorax
large abd
cyrotorchidism
hip dislocation
scoliosis
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18
Q

limb body wall complex

A
  • rare complex malformation caused by failure of closure of ventral body wall
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19
Q

limb body wall complex

two or more of these

A 
limb defect
lateral wall defect
encephalocele
exencephaly
facial defect
scoliosis
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20
Q

limb body wall complex sono findings

A 
ventral wall defect
cranial anomalies
marked scoliosis
limb defects
short umbilical cord
amniotic band
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21
Q

meckel gruber syndrome

A 
lethal
autosomal recessive
encephalocele
infantile polycystic renals
oligo
bladder not vis
polydactyly
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22
Q

pentalogy of cantrell

A

congenital disorder characterized by two out of the following defects

  1. cardiac defect
  2. abd wall defect
  3. diaphragmatic hernia
  4. defect of diaphragmatic pericardium
  5. ectopia cordis
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23
Q

pentalogy of cantrell sono findings

A

pulsating mass outside chest cavity
omphalocele
gastroschisis

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24
Q

hydrops fetalis

A

abnormal interstitial accumulation of fluid in the body cavities and soft tissues

25
Q

fluid accumulation may result in

A

anasarca, ascites, pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, placentomegaly, and poly

26
Q

Hydrops may results from

A

amniotics in the maternal circulation that destroy that fetal red blood cells (immune) of w/o evidence of blood group incompatibility (nonimmune)

27
Q

Immune Hydrops

A

rh sensitivity

28
Q

immune hydrops sono findings

A 
scalp edema
pleural effusion
pericadiacl effusion
poly
placentomegaly
29
Q

nonimmune hydrops

A

large for dates

30
Q

nonimmune hydrops sono findings

A 
anasarca
edem or fluid accumulation in two site
ascities
scalp edema
pleural effusion
pericadiacl effusion
poly
placentomegaly
tachycardia
200-240 bpm
31
Q

What percent of pregnnacies beginning with twins will deliver a singleton pregnancy

A

70%

32
Q

Monozygotic twins

A

single fertilized ovum

33
Q

dizygotic twins

A

two seperate ova

34
Q

majority of pregnancies are

A

dizygotic

35
Q

dizygotic pregnancies are always

A

di di

36
Q

most common cause of discordant growth in dichorionic multifetal gestation

A

iugr

37
Q

most common cause of discordant growth in monochorionic twins

A

twin to twin transfusion

38
Q

di di

A
  • zygote splits within 3-5 days of fertilization

- 4 layer membrane

39
Q

di di sono findings

A
  • two or more individual gestational sac and plac

- twick membrane with v shape called twin peak

40
Q

monochorioinc diamniotic

A
  • zygote splits 5-10 days after fertilization

- 3 layer membrane

41
Q

mono di sono findings

A
  • two or more individual gestational sac with shared placenta
  • membrane attachment of one chorion creates a t shape
  • moderately thick membrane
42
Q

mono mono

A

zygote splits 10-14 days postfertilization

43
Q

mono mono sono findings

A

two or more fetuses
single sac
no membrane

44
Q

acardiac twin

A
  • mono di
  • rare
  • twin reversed arterial perfusion syndrome
  • blood is shunted through a vein to vein and art to art anastomoses from the normal or pump twin to the acardiac twin
  • places a large cardiovascular burden on the normal twin
45
Q

acardiac twin sono findings

A

partially imaged normal fetus and a large perfused tissue mass lacking an upper body

46
Q

acardiac twin sono findings

acardiac twin

A

poorly developed upper body
anencephaly
absent or rudimentary heart
limbs may be present but truncated

47
Q

acardiac twin sono findings

normal twin may develop

A

hydrops
poly
cardiac failure

48
Q

conjoined twins

A

monozygotic
fusion of twin fetuses
usually ant and one body part

49
Q

conjoined twins sono findings

A

inseparable fetal bodies and skin contours
limited or no fetal position change
no membrane

50
Q

stuck twin/ poly oli

A

mono di

usually menifest between 16 and 26 gestational w

51
Q

stuck twin sono findings

A

one twin displays poly

one has oligo

52
Q

twin to twin transfusion syndrome

A
  • same sex fetuses
  • single placenta
  • arterial blood of donor twin pumps into venous system of recipient twin (arteriovenous anastomosis)
  • recipient twin ultimately recieves too much blood ( may be arterial to arterial anastomosis)
53
Q

twin to twin transfusion syndrome sono findings

A

fetal weight >20%
donor twin may display iugr and oligo
receiving twin may acquire hydrops fetalis and poly
thin membrane

54
Q

vanishing twin

A

early fetal demise of one embryo

55
Q

vanishing twin sono findings

A

twin preg
demised twin resolves
becomes singleton pregnancy

56
Q

amniocentesis

A

used to analyze fetal chromosomes in early pregnancy
typically between 15 - 18 gest w
performed as early as 12 w

57
Q

chorionic villi sampling

A

performed between 10 - 12 w

results in 1 w

58
Q

cordocentesis

A
  • used to analyze fetal chromosomes
  • fetal blood is aspirated through umbilical cord
  • determine relationship between the lie or ut and cx
59
Q

embryoscopy

A

permits direct viewing of developing fetus

OB Review (12 decks)

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