USMLE Deck1 Flashcards
1
Q
Kussmaul’s sign
A
increase in jugular venous pressure on inspiration
2
Q
Filtration Fraction
A
GFR/RPF
3
Q
GFR
A
balance of hydrostatic and oncotic pressures
4
Q
DNA Polymerase I
A
5’ to 3’ AND 3 to 5 exonuclease activity. 5 to 3 removes RNA primers and damaged DNA.
5
Q
DNA Polymerase III
A
Has 3 to 5 exonuclease activity only. Fixes mismatched nucleotides in new strands
6
Q
Salicylate acid/base
A
Causes resp hyperventilation initially AND metabolic acidosis
7
Q
varicocele
A
varicose veins in spermatic cord
8
Q
RPF
A
[U]PAH*V / [P]PAH
9
Q
RBF
A
[U]Creatinine*V / [P]creatining
10
Q
periorbital edema + dark urine
A
Post strep glomerulonephritis
11
Q
FSH
A
cAMP
12
Q
ACTH
A
cAMP
13
Q
TSH
A
cAMP
14
Q
CRH
A
cAMP
15
Q
hCG
A
cAMP
16
Q
ADH (V2)
A
cAMP
17
Q
MSH
A
cAMP
18
Q
PTH
A
cAMP
19
Q
Calcitonin
A
cAMP
20
Q
GHRH
A
cAMP
21
Q
Glucagon
A
cAMP
22
Q
LH
A
cAMP
23
Q
Prolactin
A
JAK/STAT
24
Q
GH
A
JAK/STAT
25
Cytokines
JAK/STAT
26
ANP
cGMP
27
NO
cGMP
28
Insulin
Tyr-K (MAPK)
29
IGF-1
Tyr-K (MAPK)
30
FGF
Tyr-K (MAPK)
31
PDGF
Tyr-K (MAPK)
32
GnRH
IP3
33
Oxytocin
IP3
34
ADH (V1)
IP3
35
TRH
IP3
36
Histamine
IP3
37
Angiotensin II
IP3
38
Gastrin
IP3
39
Vit D
steroid
40
Estrogen
steroid
41
Testosterone
steroid
42
Cortisol
steroid
43
Aldosterone
steroid
44
Progesterone
steroid
45
T3/T4
nuclear steroid receptor
46
GLUT-1
CNS RBCs
47
GLUT-2
Hepatocytes, beta cells
48
GLUT-3
Brain, Kidney, Placenta
49
GLUT - 4
muscle, adipose
50
GLUT-5
Sperm, GI, fructose transport
51
Kallmann
AD, defective development of GnRH cells and olfactory placode
52
Placenta accreta
placenta in myometrium
53
abruptio placentae
fetal detachment of placenta
54
placentia previa
attachment to lower uterine segment
55
obturator
adduction
56
femoral
thigh flex, leg extend
57
common peroneal
foot drop
58
tibial
plantarflexion
59
superior gluteal
Thigh abduction (positive trendelenburg sign)
60
inferior gluteal
can't jump
61
zona occludens
tight junction; prevents diffusion across paracellular space
62
Zona adherens
Intermediate junctions; cytoplasmic filaments radiating from cell membrane to hold adjacent cells together; E-cadherin connects to actin
63
Macula adherens
Desmosome; small sites of attachment; cadherins to intermediate filaments; Autoantibodies-> pemphigus vulgaris; Keratin to Desmoplakin
64
Gap Junction
communication; connexon
65
Hemidesmosome
connects to underlying ECM; Bullous pemphigoid
66
Integrin
Binds to laminin in BM, maintains integrity of BM
67
CREST
Calcinosi, Raynaud's, Esophageal dysmotility, Sclerodacyly, Telangiectasia; anti-centromere
68
anti-histone
drug-induced lupus (procainamide, hydralazine, isoniazid, D-penicillamine)
69
Anti-SSA anti-SSB
Anti-ro anti-la; Sjogren
70
anti-phospholipid
SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome
71
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondyliti, reactive arthritis (reiter's), Inflammatory Bowel, Psoriatic arthritis, uveitis
72
anti-Scl-70
Scleroderma; anti-DNA topoisomerase
73
macule
flat discoloration; Tinea versicolor
74
Patch
Macule>1cm
75
Papule
Elevated skin lesion; ie acne vulgaris
76
Plaque
papule>1cm; ie psoriasis
77
Vesicle
small fluid blister; ie chickenpox
78
Keloid
irregular, raised lesion from scar tissue hypertrophy (follows trauma);
79
bulla
Large fluid-containing blister; bullous pemphigoid
80
wheal
transient vesicle; ie hives
81
Pustule
blister with pus
82
crust
dried exudates from vesicle bulla or pustule; ie Impetigo
83
Hyperkaratosis
thickening of stratum corneum
84
parakeratosis
hyperkeratosis with retention of nuclei
85
acatholysis
separation of epidermal cells; ie pemphigus vulgaris
86
Acanthosis
Epidermal hyperplasia
87
Dermatitis
skin inflammation
88
vitiligo
depigmentation of patchy areas; dt loss of melanocytes
89
albinism
normal melanocytes, decreased tyrosinase so low melanin; can be defective migration of neural crest
90
melasma
hyperpigmentation dt pregnancy or OCP use
91
acanthosis nigricans
insulin resistance (increased IGF stimulate epidermis); Malignancy of GI or GU tract (Gastric most common)
92
Holocrine
secretes discharge of entire secretory cells that undergo breakdown to release secretory product
93
Eccrine
in skin through most of body. Secretes watery fluid of NaCl "sweat"
94
Apocrine
in dermis and subcu fat and breat areolae, axillae, genital. Secrete membran bound sweat into their hair follicles rather then skin surface. Innervated by adrenergics of sympathetic. Become malodorous secondary to skin bacteria
95
Paracrine
similar to endocrine but reach target cells by diffusion through extracellular space
96
Purpurae
cutaneous or subcutaneous collections of extravasated blood less than 1 cm
97
Petechiae
cutaneous collections of extravasated blood less than 5mm. Not palpable, appear in areas of increased venous pressure
98
Lentigos
tan or brown macules most often seen on sun-exposed skin of a middle-aged person
99
Telangiectasias
small folac permanent dilations of superficial capillaries and venules. Found in skin or mucous membranes. Will blanch
100
Ecchymoses
Hemorrhagic lesions (bruises), do not blanch. Cutaneous is a cutaneous or subcutaneous collection of extravasated blood at least 1 cm. Order or increasing size: petechiae, purpura, and ecchymoses.
101
BRAF mutation
Melanoma: Valine replaced by glutamate
102
Verrucae
Warts. Epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, koilocytosis. HPV
103
Urticaria
Hives. Pruritic wheals (transient vesicle) post mast cell degranulation
104
Ephelis
Freckle. Increased melanin production
105
first gen cef
cefazolin, cephalexin
106
2nd gen cef
cefaclor, cefoxitin, cefuroxime
107
3rd gen cef
ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime
108
4th gen
cefipime
109
Bartonella spp.
Cat scratch fever
110
Borrelia burgdorferi
Lyme; Ixodes tick
111
Borrelia recurrentis
Recurrent fever; Louse
112
Brucella spp.
Brucelosis/undulant fever; Unpasteurized dairy (Like Listeria)
113
Campylobacter
bloody diarrhea; puppies, livestock, fecal oral, sexual
114
Chlamydophila psittaci
Psittacosis; Parrots, birds
115
Coxiella burnetii
Q fever; SPORE inhalation from cattle placenta and tick feces
116
Ehrlichiosis chaffeensis
Ehrlichiosis; Lone star tick
117
Francisella tularensis
Tularemia; Ticks, rabbits, deer fly
118
Leptospira spp.
Leptospirosis; animal urine
119
Mycobacterium leprae
Leprosy; armadillos
120
Pasteurella multocida
cellulitis, osteomyelitis; animal bite, cat, dog
121
Rickettsia prowazekii
Epidemic typhus; Louse
122
Rickettsia Rickettsii
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever; Dermacentor tick bite
123
Rickettsia typhus
Endemic typhus; fleas
124
Yersinia pestis
Plauge; flea bite, rodent, PRAIRIE DOG
125
Rash on palms and soles
secondary syphillis, coxsackie A, and Rocky mountain spotted fever
126
spore composition
keratin coat; dipicolinic acid
127
DNA viruses
Herpes, Hepadna, Adeno, Polyo, Papilloma, Pox, Parvo
128
Enveloped DNA viruses
Herpes, Hepadno, Pox
129
Circular DNA
Hepadna, Polyo, Papillo
130
Facultative intracellular organisms
Salmonella, Neisseria, Leigonella, Yersinia, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Brucella
131
Anthrax toxin
Edema factor (calmodulin dependent adenylate cyclase that increases cAMP) and lethal factor
132
Pertussis Toxin
Edema-like factor that enters cells and causes increase in cAMP leading to decreased neutrophil function just as edema factor for anthrax
133
Shiga toxin
Cleaves rRNA from 60S ribosome. Can lead to HUS
134
diphtheriae toxin
Like Exotoxin A from Pseudomonas; ADP-Ribosylation of EF-2
135
Heat labile toxin
Increases cAMP by activating adenylate cyclase
136
Heat Stable toxin
Increases cGMP by overstimulating guanylate cyclase
137
Yersinia toxin
Increases cGMP by overstimulating guanylate cyclase
138
cholera toxin
Increases cAMP by irreversibly activating Gs
139
Pertussis toxin
Increases cAMP by acting like Adenylat Cyclase enzyme
