Endocrine-Pharm Flashcards
Insulins
Lispro, aspart, NPH, Glargine, Detemir
Sulfonylureas
Glyburide, Glimepride, Glipizide; potentiate insulin release by K+-ATPase binding; Weight gain, hypoglycemia
Metformin
decreases gluconeogenesis from liver; no weight gain, helps improve lipid profile, but potential for lactic acidosis(renal, heart, or liver problems are risk factors for lactic acidosis) alcohol potentiates these effects too
Thiazolidinediones
Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone; induces PPAR-gamma to increase insulin sensitivity; Weight gain and heart failure
Pramlintide
amylin analog. Decreases hunger, delays emptying, decreases glucagon; hypoglycemia, nausea, diarrhea
GLP-1 analog
Exenatide;has central effects that reduce hunger and lead to weight loss; increases insulin and decreases glucagon release. Nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis
Amylin
Delays glucagon secretion
Propylthiouracil
inhibition of peroxidase. Propylthiouracil also blocks 5’-deiodinase in peripheral tissues.; for hyperthyroidism; agranulocytosis (rare)
octreotide
Somatostatin;; for acromegaly, carcionoid, gastrinoma, glucagonoma
demeclocycline
ADH antagonist (member of tetracycline fam); for SIADH; nephrogenic DI toxicity, photosensitivity and abnormalities of bone and teeth
glucocorticoids
hydrocortisone (chemically identical), prednisone, triamcinolone (topical), beclomethasone (inhaled), Fludrocortisone (mineralocorticoid activity)
Levothyroxine, triiodothyroxine
Thyroxine replacement; myxedema and hypothyroidism; tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremors etc.
Other therapies for hyperthyroidism
Beta blockers can rapidly releive thyroid storm symptoms. Potassium Iodide can help inhibit release of thyroid hormone but be careful for thyroid escape
Stagliptin
Inhibits DPP-IV (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) who’s job is to breaks down incretins (GLP-1) released by the gut in response to a rise in intestinal glucose
Meglitinides
Similar to sulfonylureas but are taken before meals (vs. once a day), however they are less likely to produce hypoglycemia
