GI Flashcards
(134 cards)
Pleomorphic adenoma (gland)
Mixed epithelial and stroma tumor usually in parotid; benign but has high rate of recurrence and is associated with radiation
Warthin’s tumor
Benign heterotopic salivary gland tissue trapped ina lymph node, surrounded by lymphatic tissue
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Most common malignant tumor of salivary glands; usually located in the sublingual gland (most parotid tumors are benign while most sublingual are malignant)
Zenker diverticulum
Above upper esophogeal sphincter; risk for adenocarcionma
Traction diverticulum
midpoint of esophagus; risk for adenocarcinoma
Epiphrenic diverticulum
immediately above lower esophageal sphincter
Acute gastritis histology
neutrophils above BM, loss of surface epithelium, fibrin-containing purulent exudate
Chronic gastritis histology
lymphoid cell aggregates in lamina proria, columnar absorptive cells, atrophy of glandular structures
Zollinger ellison syndrome histology
Thickening of gastric folds, elevated gastrin levels, glandular hyperplasia
Drugs promoting gastric motility
Cholinergic agonists (bethanechol), acetylcholinesterase inhibitor like neostigmine, Metoclopramide (5HT agonist and Dopamine antagonist - potential for seizures), Macrolides (stimulate smooth muscle receptors)
tubular adenomas
pedunculated and smaller; dysplastic colonic mucosal cells that form tubular-shaped glands
Villous adenomas
cauliflower or fingerlike projections; dysplastic epithelial cells forming villi-like projections; can cause bleeding, secretory diarrhea and partial intestinal obstruction. Are larger sessile and more severely dysplastic than tubular; high risk of progression to adenocarcinoma
Tubulovillous adenoma
mixture of villous and tubular histology
Hamartomatous polyp
can occur sporadically or as part of Peutz-Jeghers syndome and Juvenile polyps. Can cause bleeding and intussusception but not diarrhea.
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
associated with multpiple hamartomatous polyps and black spots on skin and mucosa of young patients. Secretory diarrhea is not common in this condition. Rare compared to adenomatous polyps; increased risk of CRC
Signet ring cell carcinoma can be found here
stomach, breast, ovary, colorectal area.
Treatment for acute arsenic poisoning
Dimercaprol - displaces arsenic from sulfydryl groups
Treatment of choice for Mercury and lead poisoning
EDTA which complexes with mono-, di- and trivalent ions
Secretin
Duodenal S cells release secretin in response to H+; stimulates pancreatic cells to increase bicarb secretion; As pancreatic juice flow rates and secretin stimulation increase the bicarb concentration increases and Cl concentration decreases
Curling ulcer
ulcers arising in proximal duodenum assoc with severe trauma or burns.
Cushing ulcer
esophageal, stomach, or duodenal ulcers associated with high intracranial pressure. Due to to impaired oxygenation of tissues, induced by vagus stimulation from brain resulting in hypersecretion.
Two subtypes of gastric adenocarcinoma
Intestinal: intestinal glands similar to colonic adenocarcinoma; Diffuse: signet-ring cells. Gastritis, barrett esophagus, H pylori, nitrate consumption, diet lacking in fruit and vegetables, cigarette smoking are risk factors
Opioid side effects on GI system
Constriction of sphincter of Oddi which can cause increase in common bile duct pressure. Cause histamine release leading to vasodilation and itching. Cause constipation by slowing motility, decrease parietal cell acid secretion, can indirectly increase somatostain secretion.
Duodenal ulcer associateions
pain decreased with meals. Almost always H pylori. Some have increased gastric acid secretion as in ZE syndrome. Hypertrophy of Brunner’s glands. NOT assoc w risk of carcinoma (esophageal, gastric and colonic ulcers are)