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Chemistry > using resources > Flashcards

using resources Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the two things needed for rusting to occur

A

air and water

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2
Q

how can we prevent rust (5)

A 
paint
oil or grease
plastic
a less reactive metal
more reactive metal
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3
Q

why is zinc used to protect iron

A

because the zinc is more reactive than the iron, so the iron is galvanised. the oxygen and water react with the zinc rather than the iron. This is called sacrificial protection.

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4
Q

when is sacrificial protection used

A

in harsh conditions where the surface may be scratched

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5
Q

why are alloys useful

A

because they are stronger as they have different sized metal ions which make it harder for the layers to slip

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6
Q

what is bronze and how is it made

A

bronze is a copper alloy and is made by mixing copper and tin.

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7
Q

what is brass and how is it made

A

brass is a copper alloy and is made by mixing copper with zinc

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8
Q

what are the different aluminium alloys like

A

aluminium alloys can either be very lightweight and used for aircrafts or heavy and used for tanks and military vehicles

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9
Q

what can gold be mixed with to make a stronger alloy

A

copper

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10
Q

what is steel made of

A

steels are an alloy of iron and carbon and other elements

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11
Q

what are the 2 different carbon steels

A

high carbon steels are very strong but are brittle and can shatter
low carbon steels are soft and easily shaped

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12
Q

what do the properties of a polymer depend on

A

the monomers used to make it

the conditions chose to carry out the reaction

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13
Q

what is a thermosoftening polymer

A

polymers which soften easily and then re-set when they cool down

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14
Q

what are thermosetting polymers

A

polymers which do not melt when you heat them due to their strong covalent bonds

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15
Q

what are two examples of composites

A

wood

concrete

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16
Q

what are the raw materials for the production of ammonia

A

nitrogen in the air, hydrogen from natural gas

17
Q

what kind of reaction is the haber process

A

reversible reaction. the ammonia made can be converted back to hydrogen and nitrogen

18
Q

how is ammonia made from nitrogen and hydrogen

A
  1. the nitrogen and hydrogen are purified

2. they are passed over an iron catalyst at a high temperature and high pressure

19
Q

what is the chemical formula for ammonium nitrate and why is it used in fertilisers

A

NH2NO3 - it is used in fertilisers because plants need nitrates to grow

20
Q

how is ammonia removed

A

by cooling the gases the ammonia liquifies. it can then be separated from the unreacted nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas

21
Q

how is nitrogen separated from other gases in the air

A

fractional distillation of liquid air

22
Q

how is the hydrogen made for making ammonia

A

methane + steam —> hydrogen + carbon monoxide

23
Q

What will happen when pressure is added to the reaction

N2 + 3H2 —> 2NH3

A

equilibrium will shift to the right to produce more products

24
Q

What will happen if you increase the temperature of the reversible reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen as it is an exothermic forward reaction

A

Increasing the temperature would shift the equilibrium to the left, making more reactants so lowering the temperature would result in more ammonium being produced.

25
Q

What is the complication of the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen at a low temperature

A

the reaction would be very slow as the particles have a very low kinetic energy and would not collide as frequently.

26
Q

what is the catalyst used in the haber process

A

iron catalyst

27
Q

what does the iron catalyst do to the reaction

A

the iron catalyst speeds up the forward and backward reaction of the reactants and products. the catalyst does not affect the yield of the ammonia but it causes the ammonia to be produced more quickly.

28
Q

what acids can the ammonia alkali react with to form other fertilisers

A

nitric acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid

Chemistry (12 decks)

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