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Chemistry > Chapter 2 - Structure+Bonding - Chemigal Changes - Hydrocarbons > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Structure+Bonding - Chemigal Changes - Hydrocarbons Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 states of matter

A

Solid Liquid Gas

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2
Q

What is the formation of solid particles (3 points)

A

They have a fixed shape and volume. They cannot be compressed and the particles are packed together so they vibrate

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3
Q

What is the formation of liquid particles

A

Liquid particles slip and slide over each other

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4
Q

What is the formation of gas particles

A
  • the particles move very quickly in all directions
  • when they bash together, they gain more energy and go in a different direction
  • when they crash into something, they will cause the pressure too rise
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5
Q

What is it called when a solid turns to a liquid

A

Melting point

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6
Q

What is it called when a liquid turns to a solid

A

Solidification

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7
Q

What is it called when a liquid turns to a gas

A

Vaporisation

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8
Q

What is a gas to a liquid called

A

Condensation

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9
Q

What is gas to solid called

A

Deposition

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10
Q

What is a solid to a gas called

A

Sublimation

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11
Q

What is the definition of an ion

A

An atom which has a full outer shell and has a negative or positive charge because of reaction

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12
Q

What is covenant bonding

A

When atoms share electrons

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13
Q

What is ionic bonding

A

When electrons are transferred from one electron to another

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14
Q

What ions do each of the groups form (8)

A
  1. Group 1 = 1+ ions
  2. Group 2 = 2+ ions
  3. Group 3 = 3+ ions
  4. Group 4 do not form ions
  5. Group 5 = 3- ions
  6. Group 6 = 2- ions
  7. Group 7 = 1- ions
  8. Group 0 = never form ions
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15
Q

What are the first 4 elements in the reactivity series

A
  1. Potassium
  2. Sodium
  3. Lithium
  4. Calcium
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16
Q

What do the first 4 elements in the reactivity series do when reacting with water (4)

A
  • fizzing
  • metal hydroxide
  • alkaline solution
  • hydrogen gas
17
Q

What do the first 4 elements in teh reactivity series do when reacting with dilute acid

A

Explode

18
Q

What are the middle elements in the reactivity series

A
  1. Magnesium
  2. Aluminium
  3. Zinc
  4. Iron
19
Q

What are the 5,6,7,8 elements in reactivity series reaction with water and dilute acid

A

Water - Very slow

Dilute acid - fizzing - hydrogen gas - forms a salt

20
Q

What is a displacement reaction

A

When an element higher on the reactivity reacts with one which is lower, it exchanges place e.g. zinc + lead nitrate —> zinc nitrate + lead

21
Q

What is a rock and element compound called

A

A metal ore

22
Q

What is the equation when an alkaline metal reacts with an acid

A

Lithium + hydrochloric acid —> Iron(II) chloride + hydrogen

Metal + acid —> salt + hydrogen

This is a displacement reaction

23
Q

What is an alkane

A

An alkane is a hydrocarbon which has only single bonds

24
Q

What is an alkene

A

A hydrocarbon which has one double bond

25
Q

How do you separate different hydrocarbons from crude oil

A

Fractional distillation

26
Q

What are the two forms of cracking

A

Catalytic cracking - when he vapours are passed over a hot catalyst to speed up the rate of decomposition

Steam cracking - the vapours are mixed with steam before being heated to a high temperature

27
Q

What is cracking

A

Cracking is when you break down long chains of hydrocarbons to shorter chains of hydrocarbons

28
Q

Define volatility and viscosity

A

Volatility - tendency to turn into a gas

Viscosity - ability to flow

29
Q

Complete combustion of hydrocarbons equation

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

30
Q

Incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons equation

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen —> carbon monoxide + carbon + water

31
Q

What is the order that hydrocarbons come out of the fractional distillation column

A

Top - refinery gases

           - gasoline 
           - kerosene 
           - diesel

Bottom - residue

32
Q

What happened when an alkene (double bond) reacts with Br2

A 
Br   Br
        I      I 
H - C - C - H 
        I      I 
       H    H
33
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes and alkanes

A

Alkenes - CnH2n

Alkanes - CnH2n+2

34
Q

What is a monomer

A

A monomer is a single molecule

35
Q

What is a polymer

A

Many monomers joined together

Chemistry (12 decks)

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