Chapter 2 - Structure+Bonding - Chemigal Changes - Hydrocarbons

Question 1

What are the 3 states of matter

Answer 1

Solid Liquid Gas

Question 2

What is the formation of solid particles (3 points)

Answer 2

They have a fixed shape and volume. They cannot be compressed and the particles are packed together so they vibrate

Question 3

What is the formation of liquid particles

Answer 3

Liquid particles slip and slide over each other

Question 4

What is the formation of gas particles

Answer 4

• the particles move very quickly in all directions
• when they bash together, they gain more energy and go in a different direction
• when they crash into something, they will cause the pressure too rise

Question 5

What is it called when a solid turns to a liquid

Answer 5

Melting point

Question 6

What is it called when a liquid turns to a solid

Answer 6

Solidification

Question 7

What is it called when a liquid turns to a gas

Answer 7

Vaporisation

Question 8

What is a gas to a liquid called

Answer 8

Condensation

Question 9

What is gas to solid called

Answer 9

Deposition

Question 10

What is a solid to a gas called

Answer 10

Sublimation

Question 11

What is the definition of an ion

Answer 11

An atom which has a full outer shell and has a negative or positive charge because of reaction

Question 12

What is covenant bonding

Answer 12

When atoms share electrons

Question 13

What is ionic bonding

Answer 13

When electrons are transferred from one electron to another

Question 14

What ions do each of the groups form (8)

Answer 14

1. Group 1 = 1+ ions
2. Group 2 = 2+ ions
3. Group 3 = 3+ ions
4. Group 4 do not form ions
5. Group 5 = 3- ions
6. Group 6 = 2- ions
7. Group 7 = 1- ions
8. Group 0 = never form ions

Question 15

What are the first 4 elements in the reactivity series

Answer 15

1. Potassium
2. Sodium
3. Lithium
4. Calcium

Question 16

What do the first 4 elements in the reactivity series do when reacting with water (4)

Answer 16

• fizzing
• metal hydroxide
• alkaline solution
• hydrogen gas

Question 17

What do the first 4 elements in teh reactivity series do when reacting with dilute acid

Answer 17

Explode

Question 18

What are the middle elements in the reactivity series

Answer 18

5. Magnesium
6. Aluminium
7. Zinc
8. Iron

Question 19

What are the 5,6,7,8 elements in reactivity series reaction with water and dilute acid

Answer 19

Water - Very slow

Dilute acid - fizzing - hydrogen gas - forms a salt

Question 20

What is a displacement reaction

Answer 20

When an element higher on the reactivity reacts with one which is lower, it exchanges place e.g. zinc + lead nitrate —> zinc nitrate + lead

Question 21

What is a rock and element compound called

Answer 21

A metal ore

Question 22

What is the equation when an alkaline metal reacts with an acid

Answer 22

Lithium + hydrochloric acid —> Iron(II) chloride + hydrogen

Metal + acid —> salt + hydrogen

This is a displacement reaction

Question 23

What is an alkane

Answer 23

An alkane is a hydrocarbon which has only single bonds

Question 24

What is an alkene

Answer 24

A hydrocarbon which has one double bond

Question 25

How do you separate different hydrocarbons from crude oil

Answer 25

Fractional distillation

Question 26

What are the two forms of cracking

Answer 26

Catalytic cracking - when he vapours are passed over a hot catalyst to speed up the rate of decomposition Steam cracking - the vapours are mixed with steam before being heated to a high temperature

Question 27

What is cracking

Answer 27

Cracking is when you break down long chains of hydrocarbons to shorter chains of hydrocarbons

Question 28

Define volatility and viscosity

Answer 28

Volatility - tendency to turn into a gas Viscosity - ability to flow

Question 29

Complete combustion of hydrocarbons equation

Answer 29

Hydrocarbon + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

Question 30

Incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons equation

Answer 30

Hydrocarbon + oxygen —> carbon monoxide + carbon + water

Question 31

What is the order that hydrocarbons come out of the fractional distillation column

Answer 31

Top - refinery gases - gasoline - kerosene - diesel Bottom - residue

Question 32

What happened when an alkene (double bond) reacts with Br2

Answer 32

``` Br Br I I H - C - C - H I I H H ```

Question 33

What is the general formula for alkenes and alkanes

Answer 33

Alkenes - CnH2n Alkanes - CnH2n+2

Question 34

What is a monomer

Answer 34

A monomer is a single molecule

Question 35

What is a polymer

Answer 35

Many monomers joined together