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Chemistry > earth’s resources > Flashcards

earth’s resources Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a finite resource

A

a resource which is being used up faster than it can be replaced so if we keep using them, they will run out

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2
Q

3 examples of finite resources

A
  • coal
  • crude oil
  • natural gas
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3
Q

what is a renewable resource

A

a resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which they are used up

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4
Q

what are 3 uses of water in the agriculture and industrial industry

A
  • raw material
  • solvent
  • coolant
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5
Q

what impurities will water have (4)

A

decaying matter
mineral ions
microorganisms
gases from the air

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6
Q

how is freshwater collected (7)

A
  • reservoir
  • passes through a screen to catch large objects
  • settlement tank - sand and soil out
  • aluminium sulphate and lime are aded to make dirt clump together and sink to the bottom
  • water is passed through fine sand and gravel to remove remaining mud or grit
  • chlorine to kill any bacteria or UV light or ozone
  • pH of water is checked and then stored in large tanks
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7
Q

how is salt water or marsh water purified (2)

A
  • distilling the water - boiling the water to remove the salt and then condensing it - a lot of energy is needed to boil the water
  • reverse osmosis - membranes are used to separate the water and the salts dissolved in it - less energy is used however energy is needed to pressurise the water through the membrane
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8
Q

stages of sewage treatment (4)

A
  1. screening - large objects are removed like solid objects and grit
  2. primary treatment - solid sediments are allowed to settle. large paddles rotate moving the solids to the centre of the tank. the sludge is then piped to a storage tank for more treatment. watery liquid flows to the next tank
  3. secondary treatment - useful bacteria feed on remaining organic matter and harmful bacteria are broken down. The tank is aerated by bubbling air through the water
  4. final treatment - useful bacteria is settled out of the bottom of the tank and it is recycled back into the secondary treatment. Water can either be passed back into the rivers or passed through a bed of sand and UV light, chlorine or ozone can be used.
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9
Q

what can sewage sludge be used for

A

dried and used as fertiliser or renewable energy

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10
Q

what does sludge contain and how is it broken down

A

organic matter, human waste, water, dissolved compounds.

it is broken down by microorganisms aerobically

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11
Q

what kind of treatment is the treatment of sludge

A

biological

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12
Q

what temperature is biological treatment at

A

55 degrees

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13
Q

what are the products of biological treatment

A

biogas - methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide

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14
Q

how can sludge be used to form electricity

A

dried out to form a crusty solid and then burned

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15
Q

how can copper be extracted from copper-rich ores

A
  • sulphuric acid can be used to produce copper sulphate solution
  • smelting the copper ore to high temperatures to produce impure copper
    these are then used in electrolysis after the thermal decomposition has taken place
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16
Q

what is the process of phytomining

A

plants that can absorb copper ions are grown on soil containing low-grade copper ore. the plants are then burned and then copper is extracted from the ash.

17
Q

what is bioleaching

A

where bacteria fed of low-grade metal ores. a combination of biological and chemical precesses are carried out and a solution of copper ions can be obtained from waste copper ore. electrolysis is then used to extract the copper

18
Q

what comes under the life cycle assessment

A
  • getting and processing the raw materials
  • making the product
  • using and reusing and maintaining the product
  • disposing of a product and the end of its useful life
19
Q

how is the LCA carried out

A
  • listing all the energy and material inputs and the outputs into the environment
  • evaluation the potential environmental impacts of the inputs and outputs
  • evaluating the results and deciding between materials used
20
Q

what does the LCA provide

A

an estimate of the total environmental impact resulting from all stages in the product’s life cycle

21
Q

what is the aim of the reduce, reuse, recycle campaign

A

to reduce

  • our use of limited resources
  • our use of energy
  • the waste we produce
22
Q

what does recycling aluminium do

A

saves energy and money as recycling aluminium does not involve electrolysis

23
Q

what are 4 metals we recycle

A

aluminium, steel and iron and copper

Chemistry (12 decks)

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