organic reactions Flashcards
what happens when you test ethene with bromine water
the orange liquid turns colourless
what happens when you react steam and ethene
you get ethanol in a reversible reaction
what makes up an alcohol
a ‘H’ bond is removed and replaced with a ‘O - H’ bond: ethanol:
H H
I I
H — C — C — O — H
I I
H H
what is the formula for an alcohol
CnH2n+2O
what makes up a carboxylic acid
a C=O double bond and a C-O-H bond from the same carbon atom of the double bond
what are the orders of the carboxylic acids
methanoic acid ethanoic acid propanoic acid butanoic acid heptanoid acid hexanoic acid
what is an ester
an ester is a combination of a carboxylic acid with another functional group by replacing the O-H bond with an O-C bond
uses oh alcohols (5)
- ethanol in alcoholic drinks
- ethanol made by fermentation as a biofuel
- alcohols dissolve substances as water
- methylated spirits - dye
- perfumes, aftershaves, mouthwashes
combustion of alcohols
alcohols can be combusted to form biofuels in cars with a ‘clean’ blue flame as their reaction is
ethanol + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water
alcohols reaction with sodium
when sodium reacts with alcohols, the sodium effervesces producing hydrogen gas to form a solution of sodium ethoxide in the ethanol
2Na + 2C2H5OH —> 2C2H5ONa + H2
what is the product you get when you react an alcohol with sodium
sodium alkoxide + hydrogen
what type of solutions do carboxylic acids form when they dissolve in water and what is the formula for the reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium carbonate
acidic solutions
ethanoic acid + sodium carbonate —> sodium ethanoate + water + carbon dioxide
why are carboxylic acids weak acids
only a small portion of carboxylic acids ionise in water into H+ and OH- ions
in water, carboxylic acids create a reversible reaction
how do you form an ester
a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol to form an ester and water
what is the word equation for the making of an ester
carboxylic acid + alcohol —> ester + water
