polymers Flashcards
what is a polymer
a chain of monomers joined together
how does addition polymerisation occur
chains of unsaturated hydrocarbons open their double bond to connect each monomer
what is the difference between addition and condensation polymers
in addition polymerisation there is only one product. in condensation polymerisation, the polymer is produces as well as a small molecule.
what kind of monomers are used in condensation polymerisation
two different alkenes are used. One monomer has a certain functional group at both ends. the other monomer will have a different functional group at its ends.
how to form a polyester
there is an alcohol (OH) at the ends and carboxylic acids at the end (COOH)
what is an example of a natural monosaccharide
glucose
what is an example of a natural polysaccharide
carbohydrates
what is sucrose made from
a glucose and fructose molecule bonded together
word equations for the development of starch and cellulose polymers
glucose monomers —> starch polymers + water
glucose monomers —> cellulose polymers + water
what are the monomers of proteins
amino acids
what are the two functional groups of amino acids
one basic (the amine group -NH2) and the acidic (the carboxylic acid group -COOH)
what is the simplest amino acid called
glycine
what forms polypeptides
amino acids and carboxylic acid polymers
what is a natural polymer which is essential for life
DNA
how id DNA made
by the condensation polymerisation of repeating units of monomers called nucleotides. DNA is known as a polynucleotide
