USA Unit 3 (0.5) Flashcards
-What did the 1920 federal census reveal about people living urban areas?
-The 1920 federal census revealed that for the first time, a majority of Americans lived in urban areas. The city thus became the focus of national experience.
What led to this growth of urban areas in regards to industry and climate?
-Metropolises like New York and Chicago.
-Manufacturing led to an expansion in dozens of regional areas;
-Birmingham(steel), Houston(oil) and Detroit(car production).
-Retail trades boosted growth in places like Minneapolis, Seattle and Atlanta.
-Warm climate towns; Miami and San Diego.
What was the Great Migration? What cities had their population doubled in the 1920s because of it?
What continued to block opportunity for blacks? What did this force blacks into?
-In the 1920s lured by better paid industrial jobs, 1.5 million blacks moved to cities.
-Black populations doubled in cities like NY, Chicago, Detroit and Houston in that decade.
-However, opportunities were limited for blacks due to racial discrimination.
-Forced by low wages to seek the cheapes housing, black newcomers were forced into ghettos. (Chicago’s south side & NY’s harlem.)
What happened when blacks attempted to move into white neighbourhoods?
-They were met with resistance.
-Fears of ‘black invasion’ prompted neighbourhood associations to adopt restrictive covenants, whereby white home owners pledged not to sell or rent property to blacks.
Where did Mexicans migrate to in the 1920s? What were their conditions?
-In the 1920s, Mexican migrants crowded into low-rent districts in Southerwestern cities like Denver and Los Angeles where they suffered poor sanitation, poor police protection and poor schools.
Where did Puerto Ricans move to? What did they create? Where did they find jobs? What did they eventually develop? What did professional Hispanics become?
-1920s Puerto Ricans moved to NY, attracted by contracts from employers seeking cheap labour. In the cities they created barriors(communities).
-Found jobs in factories, hotels and domestic service.
-Eventually developed businesses-grocery stores, cafes, boarding houses and social organisations.
-Professional Hispanics such as lawyers became community leaders.
Where did immigrants from Southern and easten Europe settle?Why?
-Most settled in big cities. Here they lived with others that shared their language, customs and religion.
-Ethnic neighbourhoods such as Little Italy, enabled residents to preserve a familiar way of life shield newcomers from a shock of strange culture.
What happened to Native born Americans in Ethnic neighbourhoods?Where did Native born go to? What did immigrants provide ?
-Native born Americans often outnumbered increasingly moved to the suburbs.
-Immigrants provided cheap labour.
-Some turned to crime. Various ethnic gangs in the 1920s were involved in making money out of prohibition. (Al Capone had a private army of Italian mobsters.)
As urbanisation increased what other area experienced an influx? What made them more accessible?
What suburbs grew 5-10x more faster than nearby central cities?
-Suburbans.
-Prosperity and cars made suburbs more accessible to those wishing to flee congested urban neighbourhoods.
-1920s suburbs of Chicago, Cleveland and LA grew 5-10x faster than the nearby central cities.
What did suburbs increasingly resist the annexation of? Why?
-Suburbs increasingly resisted the annexations to core cities.
-Suburbanites were anxious to escape big-city crime, taxes, fought to preserve contol over their own police, schools and local services.
