SA Unit 4(0.5) Flashcards
What happened to Botha in 1989? Who delivered a speech in the same year? What did this outline?
-Botha was incapacitated by a stroke in 1989.
-His successor De Klerk outlined a ‘New Course’ in his first speech as president.
What did De Klerk mean by a ‘New Course’?
What was De Klerk pragmatic with?
-A real end to Apartheid and power sharing between the different racial groups.
-He was still very cautious about integration.
What was the situation in the late 1980s?
Were the NP as dominant?
What election shows otherwise?
Who began talks with the ANC?
-SA seemed on the verge if not already in civil war.
-Economic decline continued.
-The Np was losing support. 1989 Election was won with a reduced majority.
-Support from western countries diminished as the Cold War ended.
-Influential business groups had began talks with the ANC regarding a negotiated settlement.
What did the New Course mean for banned anti-apartheid groups? What happened to political prisoners?
-Groups such as the ANC, PAC, SACP were legalised.
-Long term political prisoners such as Mandela were released.
Why was Mandela’s release significant?
-He spent 27 years in prison.
-He symbolic of the oppression in SA.
-People hoped his charisma and dignity could facilitate a peaceful transition.
-He was offered release in 1985 had he renounced violence but rejected.
What did the unbanning of political parties establish?
How was this limited?
-It facilitated democratic elections once a settlement was reached.
-However; unbanning itself had little effect on the violence in townships.
-A little effect on political parties being ready to fight election. I.E. ANC had little formal political organisation.
What problems did the ANC face after being legalised?
-ANC faced dissent from within. Many of those who stayed in SA disagreed with the moderation of exiles. I.e. Winnie Mandela was accused for being involved in the murders of political opponents.
-Grassroot members were involved in violence and it was difficult to control them.
-ANC had been exiled for very long, lacked internal organisation and administrative structures.
What did the NP and ANC know would need to happen to prevent civil war? What did the ANC renounce after negotiations? What year?
-They recognised the need to work together.
-Representatives met for the first time to begin negotiations in 1990.
-1990 ANC renounced violence.
What did the NP and ANC know would need to happen to prevent civil war? What did the ANC renounce after negotiations? What year?
-They recognised the need to work together.
-Representatives met for the first time to begin negotiations in 1990.
-1990 ANC renounced violence.
