SA Unit 4(0.6) Flashcards
Did the release of Mandela and unbanning of political parties lower acts of violence?
How many people died on commuter trains? (1990-93)
-No. It seemed uncontrollable.
-Violence between African groups was frequently directed to whites and other racial groups.
-+350 people killed on commuter trains by rival groups. (1990-93)
What were the main reasons for violence?
-Many Africans had given up their education for rebellion(1980s early 90s). Felt too unskilled to manage future SA.
-Many Africans suspicious of De Klerk. His party still associated with apartheid.
-Merge between violent white groups and Inkhata who were pro-apartheid.
-APLA targeted whites and black opponents.
Who were the Inkhata?
Who was Buthelezi?
-A Zulu group formed by Buthelezi. (1990)
-Most influential African figure in SA during 1980s. Offered anti-communist credentials. Was willing to work with gov’t.
Why did Buthelezi’s influence decline? What did his supporters do in response? What was Buthelezi’s solution for Zulu people?
-Unbanning of other groups and gov’t talks with them.
-Inkhata supporters began attacking ANC sympathisers.
-Buthelezi began advocating for a fully independent Zulu kingdom.
Were all whites accepting of the changes in SA?
How did white extremists respond to De Klerk’s progressive stance?
-Many whites opposed the changes taking place. Some were prepared to work democratically through the conservative party.
-Others who supported violence joined the AWB who committed bombings and acts of intimidation.
What did the AWB seek? How did they make this known?
-The AWB sought for an independent white homeland.
-They prevented negotiations by storming the hall where meetings were being held.
What happened to whites due to the rise of skilled non-whites in the workforce?
How many whites did hunger relief agencies report to be helping? (1991)
-Many whites suffered economically.
-Dismantling of the apartheid system removed the protection for their jobs.
-1991 hunger relief agencies reported to support 20,000 whites.
-Groups of poor whites became fertile recruiting ground for extremists.
Did people expect De Klerk’s 1990 speech to be as progressive as it was?
-NO. Many expected it to focus on the release of Mandela. Instead of a speech formally committing gov’t to constitutional change.
What major Apartheid repeals did gov’t make from 1990-91?
-1990 Separate Amenities Act was repealed, so segregation of public facilities became illegal.
-Repeal of other apartheid measures such as the ;Population Registration Act, Group Areas Act were facilitate by an Act of Parliament 1991.
How did De Klerk believe the transition to ending Apartheid should be carried out?
-Quickly and as a whole rather than gradually. He felt gradual reduction would lead to mistrust and delays.
What was CODESA I?
-1991 saw the creation of the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA) charged with preparing the ground for a new constitution.
Were all political parties involved in CODESA I? What were its limitations?
NO. Inkhata, the PAC and Conservatives refused to attend.
- Negotiations were bad-tempered among those who did.
Were all political parties involved in CODESA I? What were its limitations?
NO. Inkhata, the PAC and Conservatives refused to attend.
- Negotiations were bad-tempered among those who did.
What was the biggest achievement of CODESA I?
What did De Klerk hold following CODESA I? What were the results(percentage)?
-Declaration of Intent. A statement committing gov’t to reform.
-An all white referendum(1992) to see whether they supported the reform process. 69% voted yes.
