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USA Flashcards

1
Q

What are American GIs known as?

A

American Viticultural Area (AVA)

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2
Q

Can an AVA overlap different states?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Wines without an AVA status need to be labelled with what regional identity?

A

The label must carry either the name of the state or county.

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4
Q

What is the most crucial influence on the climate in California?

A

The cool California ocean current.

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5
Q

In California, north of Los Angeles, what protects much of the coast line from the cooling California ocean current?

A

Mountains

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6
Q

Where mountains in California do not protect vineyards, which two cooling effects does the California ocean current create?

A

Cool air and fog is drawn in during the evening lowering night-time temperatures.
Delays in the sun burning off the fog lowers the temperatures into the day.

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7
Q

Which geographical feature allows the cooling California ocean current to reach well inland?

A

Gaps in the mountain range.

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8
Q

Valleys at right angles to the ocean, such as Monterey and Santa Barbara, do what with the cool California ocean currents?

A

They act as funnels for the cool air to be drawn inland.

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9
Q

Apart from the California ocean current, what else links all of California’s climate?

A

Lack of rain during the ripening season.

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10
Q

What is widely practised to help manage the lack of rain during the ripening season in California?

A

Drip irrigation

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11
Q

With the lack of rain during the ripening season in California, what can growers do to help get very ripe grapes with concentrated flavours and high sugar levels?

A

Increase the hang times on the vines.

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12
Q

What is California’s most widely planted black grape variety?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

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13
Q

California’s best sites producing Cabernet Sauvignon often have what key flavour and body characteristics?

A

Concentrated, ripe cassis (blackcurrant)
Full body
Note the definition of cassis is either the flavour from blackcurrant or refers to cassis liqueur, a sweet, dark red liqueur made from blackcurrants. Either way it is best to treat cassis as a description for blackcurrant. Blackcurrant is in the SAT while cassis is not.

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14
Q

Why are some Zinfandel wines made with both ripe and unripe grapes?

A

Zinfandel ripens unevenly

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15
Q

To avoid too many unripe grapes associated with uneven ripeness, Zinfandel can often have longer hang time resulting in raisin grapes, but much less unripe grapes. What happens to the body, alcohol and residual sugar with these wines?

A

High alcohol
Full body
Small amounts of residual sugar

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16
Q

What are the flavours of a ripe red Zinfandel?

A

Red & black fruits
Dried berries
Liquorice

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17
Q

For a White Zinfandel what is the colour, sweetness & alcohol?

A

Rosé
Medium sweet
Low alcohol

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18
Q

When are the grapes picked for a typical White Zinfandel?

A

Early, to maintain acidity

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19
Q

Monterey and the North Coast (Napa, Sonoma) produce good quality red wines with deep colour, soft velvety tannins, luscious body, high alcohol and flavours of blackberry & plum. What is the grape variety?

A

Merlot

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20
Q

What is the most planted grape variety in California?

A

Chardonnay

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21
Q

Why do many Californian Sauvignon Blancs come from coastal regions?

A

The coast is cooler, allowing Sauvignon Blanc to retain its acidity.

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22
Q

What is a key flavour of a typical Californian Sauvignon Blanc from a coastal region?

A

Ripe citrus flavour

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23
Q

What is the term for Californian Sauvignon Blanc with oak influence?

A

Fumé Blanc

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24
Q

Where is the majority of California’s wine produced?

A

Central Valley Lodi is the only AVA in Central Valley that is covered in the L3 course.

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25
Q

What are the three key regions for grape growing in California?

A

North Coast
Central Coast
Central Valley

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26
Q

Where in California are the North Coast vineyards located?

A

North of San Francisco.

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27
Q

Which region of California is Napa County included within?

A

North Coast

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28
Q

What are the two mountain ranges that separate Napa Valley from Sonoma County and Central Valley?

A

Mayacamas Mountain: Sonoma County
Vaca Mountains: Central Valley

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29
Q

What are the two most significant cooling effects in Napa Valley?

A

Morning Fog
Cooling afternoon breezes from San Pablo Bay

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30
Q

Which Napa Valley sub-region is most affected by morning fogs and cooling afternoon sea breezes and grows both Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, either as a still wine or a sparkling wine?

A

Los Carneros AVA

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31
Q

Which Napa Valley sub-region spans both Napa Valley and Sonoma County?

A

Los Carneros AVA

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32
Q

Which three Napa Valley AVAs grow Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and tropical fruit Chardonnay & Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Stags Leap AVA
Oakville AVA
Rutherford AVA

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33
Q

Which two Napa Valley AVAs on the valley floor are furthest from San Pablo Bay, receive the warmest daytime temperature & produce the most concentrated full bodied wines in the valley from Cabernet Sauvignon & Zinfandel?

A

Calistoga
St Helena

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34
Q

Many Napa Valley AVAs on the valley side are above the fog layer. What cools these?

A

Altitude

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35
Q

Which three counties are part of California’s North Coast?

A

Mendocino County
Sonoma County
Napa County

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36
Q

Where is the Russian River AVA located?

A

California’s North Coast, part of Sonoma County.

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37
Q

Russian River AVA and Los Carneros AVA have three similar wines in common. What are they?

A

Pinot Noir
Chardonnay
Sparkling wine

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38
Q

Why is the Russian River AVA suitable for the production of Pinot Noir?

A

Cooling morning fog.

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39
Q

Dry Creek Valley AVA in Sonoma County has two distinctive climates. What are the regions and what grapes are grown there?

A

Valley floor: Cabernet Sauvignon & Sauvignon Blanc
Hillside: Zinfandel (old vines)

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40
Q

Sonoma Coast AVA is cooled by?

A

Pacific Ocean

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41
Q

Where are vineyards often planted in the Sonoma Coast AVA to aid ripening?

A

South facing slopes

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42
Q

Which two weather influences cool the Sonoma Valley AVA?

A

Cooling breezes
Fog

43
Q

Which county is located North of Sonoma County and has a range of climates, producing a range of wines from aromatic Riesling to full bodied, soft tannin Cabernet Sauvignon & Zinfandel?

A

Mendocino County

44
Q

What is the climate of the Santa Cruz Mountains AVA in California’s Central Coast?

45
Q

Monterey AVA has two distinctive climate zones, for the cooler regions describe the key geographical feature determining the climate, what cools this area and the grapes grown.

A

The cooler zone is close to the Pacific Ocean: Cooled by strong cool winds
Chardonnay & Pinot Noir

46
Q

In which American county is the Paso Robles AVA located?

A

San Luis Obispo County

47
Q

The east of Paso Robles AVA experiences hot, sunny weather and has deep fertile soils. What are the two key grape varieties and what style of wine is produced?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot
Fruity wine suitable for high volume brands.

48
Q

The Santa Maria Valley AVA is located in which county in the USA?

A

Santa Barbara County

49
Q

Which two grapes are grown in Santa Barbara County’s Santa Maria Valley AVA?

A

Chardonnay
Pinot Noir

50
Q

In California’s Central Coast what can cover the low lying areas of Santa Barbara County’s Santa Maria Valley AVA?

51
Q

How does the fog in the Santa Maria Valley AVA help to improve the quality of the final wine?

A

The fog slows ripening, allowing wines to build concentrated fruit and still have high levels of acidity.

52
Q

What is the climate in Central Valley, California where much of the high volume brands are produced?

53
Q

What is needed to grow grapes in the hot dry areas of California?

A

Irrigation

54
Q

What helps keep the Lodi AVA cool?

A

Cooling breezes from San Francisco Bay.

55
Q

Lodi AVA has some of the oldest vineyards in California planted with which grape variety?

56
Q

In which state is Willamette AVA?

A

Oregon, USA

57
Q

What is the most planted grape variety in Willamette AVA?

A

Pinot Noir

58
Q

What is the climate and a climatic factor that help make Willamette AVA in Oregon suitable for Pinot Noir?

A

Moderate Climate
Cooling breezes from the Pacific Ocean

59
Q

In which state is the Columbia Valley AVA located?

A

Washington State, USA

60
Q

In which state is the Yakima Valley AVA located?

A

Washington State, USA

61
Q

How do the Cascade Mountains alter the climate of the Columbia Valley AVA?

A

They create a rain shadow.

62
Q

The rain shadow created by the Cascade Mountains makes what a necessity in Columbia Valley AVA?

A

Irrigation

63
Q

How does the climate and the rain shadow from the Cascade Mountains influence the style of wines produced in Columbia Valley AVA & Yakima Valley AVA?

A

Long daylight hours, dry summers & cool nights mean the grapes reach optimal ripeness and maintain natural levels of acidity.

64
Q

Which two red grape varieties in Washington State’s Columbia Valley AVA and Yakima Valley AVA produce wines that are:
Plummy & full bodied
Elegant and ageworthy

A

Merlot: Plummy & full bodied
Cabernet Sauvignon: Elegant and ageworthy

65
Q

What is the most planted white grape variety in Washington State (Columbia Valley AVA & Yakima Valley AVA)?

A

Chardonnay

66
Q

What is the major climatic problem with the Columbia Valley AVA?

A

Winter freezing

67
Q

In which state is the Finger Lakes AVA located?

68
Q

What helps extend the growing season in the Finger Lakes AVA?

A

Lakes store heat, raising air temperature in the surrounding vineyards into November.

69
Q

Which grape variety is the Finger Lakes AVA best known for?

70
Q

In which state of America are these wine regions located?

A

New York State

71
Q

In which state of America are these wine regions located?

A

Washington

72
Q

In which state of America are these wine regions located?

73
Q

In which state of America are these wine regions located?

A

California

74
Q

In which state of America is this wine regions located?

75
Q

In which state of America is this wine regions located?

A

California

76
Q

In which state of America is this wine regions located?

77
Q

In which state of America is this wine regions located?

A

Washington

78
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

A

Finger Lakes

79
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

A

Willamette Valley

80
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

A

Columbia Valley

81
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

A

Yakima Valley

82
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

83
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

A

Anderson Valley

84
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

85
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

A

Napa Valley

86
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

A

Paso Robles

87
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

A

Santa Cruz Mountains

88
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

A

Santa Maria Valley

89
Q

In which wine region do all the highlighted sub-regions sit within?

90
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

A

Alexander Valley

91
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

A

Russian River Valley

92
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

93
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

A

Los Carneros

94
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

A

Sonoma Coast

95
Q

In which wine region do all the highlighted sub-regions sit within?

A

Napa valley

96
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

A

Los Carneros

97
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

A

Stags leap

98
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

99
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

A

Rutherford

100
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

A

Saint Helena

101
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

102
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

A

Mount Veeder

103
Q

What is the name of the region that is highlighted?

A

Howell mountain

Wset d3 (29 decks)

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