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Australia Flashcards

1
Q

What is Australia’s GI hierarchy?

A

Zones
Regions
Sub-regions

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2
Q

Give the full GI hierarchy for Eden Valley and Barossa Valley.

A

South Eastern Australia Zone
South Australia Zone
Barossa Zone
Barossa Valley
Eden Valley

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3
Q

The climate in Australia is dry, warm or hot & usually Mediterranean (see page 31). What are the 3 cooling effects that some regions experience?

A

Cooling ocean (proximity or breezes) e.g. Indian and Southern Oceans
River systems e.g. Murray River System
Altitude e.g. Adelaide Hills

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4
Q

What are the two biggest risks to grape growing in Australia?

A

Drought
Fires, giving smoke taint to wines

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5
Q

Which is Australia’s principal grape variety?

A

Shiraz

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6
Q

Which two hot climate regions in Australia produce Shiraz that has a full body, intensely fruity with earthy spice, developing leather aromas with age?

A

Barossa Valley
Hunter Valley

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7
Q

Name two regions in Australia making Shiraz in a lean, peppery style.

A

Heathcote
Geelong

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8
Q

Which two regions in Australia are considered classic regions for Cabernet Sauvignon, producing wines with firm tannins, high acidity and blackcurrant & black cherry aromas with toasty oak?

A

Margaret River
Coonawarra

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9
Q

Why is Merlot often blended with Cabernet Sauvignon in Australia?

A

It provides body and fleshy plummy fruit.
Lowers acidity & increases alcohol in the blend, giving more body.

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10
Q

Which grape variety from Australia’s cooler regions has medium body, medium alcohol, medium to high acidity and typical flavours of cherry and strawberry?

A

Pinot Noir

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11
Q

What is Australia’s most planted white grape variety, made in a range of styles?

A

Chardonnay

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12
Q

Chardonnay from Australia that is used as a less expensive blending component from multiple regions, often has peachy fruit and vanilla & toast characteristics. How are the vanilla & toast characters often imparted?

A

Oak chips or staves.

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13
Q

High quality Chardonnay from the moderate climate areas of Adelaide Hills, Mornington Peninsula & Yarra Valley, along with warmer Margaret River, often have which three winemaking treatments?

A

Lees contact
MLC
Oak maturation

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14
Q

Which region in Australia has a reputation for Sauvignon Blanc from a moderate climate, with concentrated passion fruit and high acidity?

A

Adelaide Hills

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15
Q

Which Australian wine region is considered the classic region for Semillon, producing wines that are light in alcohol, almost neutral in flavour when young, but can develop honey and toast with up to 20 years of ageing?

A

Hunter Valley

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16
Q

Which other Australian region produces a similar light style of Semillon to Hunter Valley?

A

Barossa Valley

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17
Q

Which Australian region produces Semillon with an herbaceous style, similar to Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Western Australia
Margaret River
Great Southern

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18
Q

Which grape variety is used to make the classic Australian white wine described below.

Dry, unoaked with pronounced lime, lemon, grapefruit rapidly developing tertiary characteristics of toast, honey and petrol?

A

Riesling

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19
Q

Australia’s South Eastern Australia region includes which states/zones?

A

South Australia
Victoria
New South Wales
Queensland
Tasmania

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20
Q

What links the following:
Riverland in South Australia
Murray Darling in Victoria
Riverina in New South Wales

A

They are all inland, fertile & irrigated areas, typically labelled as South Eastern Australia.
They are typically high volume branded blends.

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21
Q

Summarise South Eastern Australia wine styles, grapes & climate.

A

South Eastern Australia
Warm Mediterranean
High volume brands lacking concentration.
A blend of wines, from the following states (key regions in brackets).
South Australia
(Riverland)
Victoria
(Murray Darling)
New South Wales
(Riverina)
Queensland

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22
Q

Which state produces most of Australia’s wine?

A

South Australia

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23
Q

Where is Margaret River located?

A

200km South of Perth in Western Australia.

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24
Q

Which zone is Australia’s Great Southern part of?

A

Western Australia

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25
Barossa produces a light style of Semillon similar to Hunter Valley, but what other style of Semillon does it also produce?
A fuller bodied, softer style of Semillon.
26
Which two Australian regions make a Riesling with characteristics described below Dry unoaked with pronounced lime, lemon, grapefruit rapidly developing tertiary characteristics of toast, honey and petrol?
Clare Valley Eden Valley
27
Where is Barossa Valley located?
South Australia, north of Adelaide.
28
For the Barossa Zone, give the two subregions and their climates?
Barossa Valley's climate is warm Mediterranean Eden Valley's climate is cool to moderate Mediterranean
29
In Barossa, what is a contributing factor to the production of outstanding Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon & Grenache?
Old Bush Vines
30
A wine with a full body, ripe tannins, ripe black fruit with sweet American oak & developing into leather and spice as it ages describes which black grape variety from Barossa Valley?
Shiraz
31
Which white grape variety from Barossa can be made into a fresh unoaked style, but traditionally was a fuller softer style?
Sémillon
32
Which grape variety & region from the Barossa Zone can create white wines with intense lime & grapefruit with steely character, the best of which age well, developing marmalade and toasty characters?
Riesling from Eden Valley
33
Summarise the Barossa zone and its two regions?
Barossa Valley Warm & dry Mediterranean Old vine reds Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Grenache Semillon Eden Valley Cool to moderate Mediterranean, cooled by altitude. Outstanding Riesling (lime) Riesling, Chardonnay Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon
34
Where is Clare Valley located in Australia?
South Australia, approximately 100km north of Adelaide.
35
What is Clare Valley's most important white grape variety?
Riesling
36
Riesling prefers a cool to moderate climate, how is the warm climate of Clare Valley tempered?
Cooling afternoon breezes Cold nights retain acidity Altitude 300-400m
37
A white wine from Clare Valley is dry with high acidity and intense lime aromas. Which grape variety is this?
Riesling
38
Which two black grape varieties from Clare Valley have long cellaring potential?
Shiraz Cabernet Sauvignon
39
Summarise Clare Valley grapes & climate.
Clare Valley Cooling afternoon breezes Cold nights retain acidity Altitude 300-400m Riesling (dry, lime, high acidity) Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon
40
Where in Australia is Adelaide Hills located?
South Australia, approximately 25km east of Adelaide.
41
What is the climate for Adelaide Hills and what helps it stay cool?
Moderate Mediterranean Altitude > 400m
42
Adelaide Hills with its low rainfall, Mediterranean climate and soils that don't hold water, mean what is often necessary?
Irrigation
43
In Adelaide Hills Chardonnay & Pinot Noir are often blended to create which style of wine?
Sparkling wine.
44
Summarise the grapes & climate in Adelaide Hills.
Adelaide Hills Moderate Mediterranean Cooled by Altitude >400m Chardonnay & Pinot Noir => Sparkling Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay Pinot Noir
45
Where is McLaren Vale in Australia located?
South Australia, south of Adelaide.
46
What cools McLaren Vale?
Afternoon ocean breezes
47
What is the climate in McLaren Vale?
Warm Mediterranean
48
McLaren Vale has a reputation for old vine wines from which two grape varieties?
Shiraz Grenache
49
McLaren Vale has a reputation for producing red wines with dark fruits and soft ripe tannins from which four grape varieties?
Shiraz Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Grenache
50
Summarise McLaren Vale grapes & climate.
McLaren Vale Warm Mediterranean Cooling afternoon ocean breezes Old vine Shiraz & Grenache Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Grenache
51
Where in Australia is Coonawarra located?
South Australia, 400km south east of Adelaide, near the Victorian border.
52
What is Coonawarra's climate and what cools Coonawarra?
Moderate maritime climate Cooling ocean currents Cloud cover that moderates temperature
53
Cabernet Sauvignon from the moderate maritime Coonawarra often has a blackcurrant (cassis) flavour and which unusual aroma?
Eucalyptus/menthol
54
Summarise Coonawarra's grapes & climate.
Coonawarra Moderate Maritime Cooled by ocean currents & cloud cover Red terra rossa soils over limestone Cabernet Sauvignon (eucalyptus, menthol), Shiraz, Merlot Chardonnay
55
Summarise the South Australia Zone.
Barossa Barossa Valley Warm & dry Mediterranean Old vine reds Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Grenache Semillon Eden Valley Cool to moderate Mediterranean, cooled by altitude. Riesling (lime), Chardonnay Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon Clare Valley Cooling afternoon breezes Cold nights retain acidity Altitude 300-400m Riesling (dry, lime, high acidity) Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon Adelaide Hills Moderate Mediterranean Cooled by Altitude >400m Chardonnay & Pinot Noir => Sparkling Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay Pinot Noir McLaren Vale Warm Mediterranean Cooling afternoon ocean breezes Old vine Shiraz & Grenache Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Grenache Coonawarra Moderate Maritime Cooled by ocean currents & cloud cover Red terra rossa soils over limestone Cabernet Sauvignon(eucalyptus, menthol), Shiraz, Merlot Chardonnay Riverland South Eastern Australia Zone, volume brands
56
How are Hunter Valley Semillons typically produced?
Early harvest neutral flavour, high acidity, low sugar Kept away from oxygen & fermented in an inert vessel.
57
Rieslings from Tasmania are less ripe, and have what key flavour difference compared to Clare Valley and Eden Valley?
Less citrus more floral.
58
The Victorian State / Zone has a range of cooler climates. What cools Victorian wine regions?
Ocean breezes (near Melbourne) Altitude and Aspect (Great Dividing Range) Rivers and Lakes (inland)
59
What is the climate in Yarra Valley?
Cool to moderate maritime
60
Which black grape variety from Yarra Valley is described below? Ripe tannins and careful oak treatment create a wine with strawberry, plums & dark cherry aromas. The best wines age well.
Pinot Noir
61
Chardonnay is successfully made in Yarra Valley, but what grape is it often blended with to make what style of wine?
Pinot Noir is blended with Chardonnay to make sparkling wines.
62
Summarise Yarra Valley grapes, wine styles & climate.
Cool to moderate maritime Cooled by ocean breezes & altitude & aspect. Sparkling wine (Pinot Noir & Chardonnay) Pinot Noir, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon Chardonnay
63
Which black and white grape varieties are specialities of Mornington Peninsula?
Pinot Noir Chardonnay
64
What is the climate of the Mornington Peninsula?
Cool to moderate maritime
65
What is Mornington Peninsula's main hazard associated with its maritime climate?
Vintage variation, caused by cool wet weather at flowering and harvest.
66
What are the main black and white grape varieties grown in the Mornington Peninsula?
Pinot Noir Chardonnay
67
Which grape variety makes the white wine from the Mornington Peninsula described below? A high acid white wine often softened with MLC and having flavours of citrus, pear & apples.
Chardonnay
68
Summarise Mornington Peninsula's grapes, viticultural hazards & climate.
Cool to moderate maritime Vintage Variation associated with cool & wet weather at flowering & harvest Pinot Noir Chardonnay high acidity softened by MLC
69
Where in Australia is Geelong located?
Victoria, west of Melbourne.
70
What is Geelong's climate?
Cool to moderate maritime Same as Mornington Peninsula.
71
Which white grape variety is Geelong renowned for? The wine is complex, concentrated & full bodied.
Chardonnay
72
The cool to moderate maritime climate of Geelong in Victoria grows both Pinot Noir and Shiraz. Which one has an earthy aroma and which is peppery?
Geelong makes: Earthy Pinot Noir Peppery Shiraz
73
Geelong and Mornington Peninsula both make which type of wine from Chardonnay and Pinot Noir?
Sparkling wine.
74
Summarise Geelong's grapes, viticultural hazards & climate.
Cool to moderate maritime Sparkling wine, Chardonnay renowned, Vintage Variation Chardonnay (complex, concentrated, full body) Pinot Noir earthy, Shiraz peppery
75
Where is Heathcote located in Australia?
The centre of Victoria.
76
What is Heathcote's climate?
Moderate Mediterranean Cooled by altitude
77
Compared to other inland and warmer areas in Australia, describe the style of Heathcote's Shiraz.
Firmer with fresher fruit flavours.
78
Summarise Heathcote's climate & grapes.
Moderate Mediterranean, cooled by altitude Shiraz Firmer (higher acidity & tannins, fresh fruit), Cabernet Sauvignon Chardonnay
79
Where is Goulburn Valley located in Australia?
East of Heathcote in the centre of Victoria.
80
What is the climate in Goulburn Valley?
Warm Mediterranean Slightly cooled by lakes & creeks.
81
In Goulburn Valley, what is the most planted grape variety?
Shiraz
82
Summarise Goulburn Valley's climate & grapes.
Warm Mediterranean Slightly cooled by lakes & creeks. Shiraz
83
Summarise the Victoria zone in Australia - regions, climates, wine styles & grapes.
Yarra Valley Cool to moderate maritime Cooled by ocean breezes & altitude & aspect. Sparkling wine (Pinot Noir & Chardonnay) Pinot Noir, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon Chardonnay Geelong Cool to moderate maritime Sparkling wine, Chardonnay renowned, Vintage Variation Chardonnay (complex, concentrated, full body) Pinot Noir earthy, Shiraz peppery Mornington Peninsula Cool to moderate maritime Vintage Variation associated with cool & wet weather at flowering & harvest Pinot Noir Chardonnay high acidity softened by MLC Heathcote Moderate Mediterranean, cooled by altitude Shiraz Firmer (higher acidity & tannins, fresh fruit), Cabernet Sauvignon Chardonnay Goulburn Valley Warm Mediterranean Slightly cooled by lakes & creeks. Shiraz Murray Darling South Eastern Australia Zone, volume brands
84
Describe the climate of Hunter Valley.
Hot humid, with rain at harvest. Cooled by cloud cover & sea breezes
85
Where in Australia is Hunter Valley located?
North of Sydney in New South Wales.
86
What is considered essential in Hunter Valley to help manage the wet climate at harvest?
Good canopy management. Open up the canopy so air can circulate. Fungicides
87
What is the most planted grape variety in New South Wales Hunter Valley?
Semillon
88
Hunter Valley Semillon makes a unique style of wine. Describe the style.
Low Alcohol High Acidity Light body Neutral when young Developing toast, nuts, honey with age
89
Which red grape variety from the hot Hunter Valley in Australia makes wines that have soft tannins medium body with blackberry & cherry flavours and earthy undertones?
Shiraz
90
Summarise Hunter Valley's climate & grapes.
New South Wales Hunter Valley Hot humid, with rain at harvest. Cooled by cloud cover & sea breezes Canopy management essential Semillon high acidity, low alcohol, light body, neutral when young, developing nuts toast honey. Chardonnay Shiraz soft tannins, med body, blackberry, cherry, earthy Riverina South Eastern Australia, volume brands
91
What is Margaret River's climate?
Warm Mediterranean, with high rainfall often falling in winter.
92
Margaret River has a reputation for producing Bordeaux style blends from which two grape varieties?
Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot
93
A blend of which two white grape varieties in Margaret River creates wines with high acidity and aromas of gooseberry and tropical fruits?
Sauvignon Blanc Semillon
94
Summarise Margaret River's climate, grapes & wines?
Warm Mediterranean, high rainfall often falling in winter. Bordeaux style red blends Sauv Blanc & Semillon blends high acidity, gooseberry, tropical fruit Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Chardonnay high acid, stone fruit, MLC, oak
95
Summarise Western Australia's climate, grapes & wines.
Margaret River Warm Mediterranean, high rainfall often falling in winter. Bordeaux style red blends Sauv Blanc & Semillon blends high acidity, gooseberry, tropical fruit Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon, Chardonnay high acid, stone fruit, MLC, oak Great Southern Cabernet Sauvignon deeply coloured, Shiraz elegant & peppery Riesling floral
96
Where is Tasmania located?
An island south of Melbourne, Australia
97
What is Tasmania's climate?
Cool maritime, cooled by ocean winds.
98
What style of wines did Tasmania's reputation initially develop from?
Sparkling wines
99
Summarise Tasmania's climate, grapes & wines.
Cool maritime, cooled by ocean winds. Sparkling wines Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc
100
In which Australian state are these wine regions located?
Victoria
101
In which Australian state are these wine regions located?
New South Wales
102
In which Australian state are these wine regions located?
South Australia
103
In which Australian state are these wine regions located?
Tasmania
104
In which Australian state are these wine regions located?
Western Australia
105
What is this grouping of wine regions known as?
Australia
106
What is the name of the region that is outlined?
Western Australia
107
What is the name of the region that is highlighted?
Margaret River
108
What is the name of the region that is highlighted?
Great Southern
109
What is the name of the region that is highlighted?
Barossa
110
What is the name of the region that is highlighted?
Barossa Valley
111
What is the name of the region that is highlighted?
Eden Valley
112
What is the name of the region that is highlighted?
Clare Valley
113
What is the name of the region that is highlighted?
Limestone Coast
114
What is the name of the region that is highlighted?
Coonawarra
115
What is the name of the region that is highlighted?
Adelaide Hills
116
What is the name of the region that is highlighted?
McLaren Vale
117
What is the name of the region that is highlighted?
River land
118
What is the name of the region that is highlighted?
Yarra Valley
119
What is the name of the region that is highlighted?
Mornington Peninsula
120
What is the name of the region that is highlighted?
Geelong
121
What is the name of the region that is highlighted?
Heathcote
122
What is the name of the region that is highlighted?
Goulburn Valley
123
What is the name of the region that is highlighted?
Rutherglen
124
What is the name of the region that is highlighted?
Murray Darling
125
What is the name of the region that is highlighted?
Murray Darling
126
What is the name of the region that is highlighted?
Riverina
127
What is the name of the region that is highlighted?
Hunter Valley

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