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MONTH 6 > US Wine History & AVA Laws > Flashcards

US Wine History & AVA Laws Flashcards

1
Q

The United States of America is the world’s __largest producer of wine, and claims the world’s __highest acreage of land under vine

A

4th, 5th

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2
Q

California produces approximately __% of all American wine, followed by New York, Washington, and Oregon

A

90

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3
Q

North America has what native grape vines?

A 
Vitis labrusca (the Concord grape)
Vitis rotundifolia (the Scuppernong grape)
Vitis aestivalis (the Norton grape)
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4
Q

The __ grape, introduced to Mexico in the early 1500s, made its way northward to Rio Grande settlements in present-day Texas and New Mexico as early as 1629

A

Mission

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5
Q

In __, Franciscans at the San Juan Capistrano Mission produced California’s first wine from the grape

A

1783

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6
Q

In 1823, the Franciscans built the __, the last of the missions and the northern terminus of the Spanish Empire in North America—a site now occupied by Sonoma’s town square

A

San Francisco de Solano Mission

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7
Q

By __, George Yount had arived in Napa as the first American settler to set foot in the valley, and had planted its first vineyard

A

1839

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8
Q

Who founded Buena Vista, one of California’s oldest commercial wineries?

A

Hungarian-born, self-styled “Count” Agoston Haraszthy arrived in 1849

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9
Q

Haraszthy is credited with-

A

introduced more than 300 varieties to the state

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10
Q

After working for Haraszthy, __ moved in 1861 to St. Helena in Napa Valley and founded his eponymous winery—the oldest in the valley

A

Charles Krug

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11
Q

Jacob Schram built Schramsberg in __

A

1862

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12
Q

Finnish immigrant Gustav Niebaum founded the legendary Inglenook Winery in __

A

1879

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13
Q

Beringer, Napa’s oldest continuously operating winery, was established in __

A

1876

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14
Q

What wreaked havoc in CA from 1873-1890

A

Phylloxera

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15
Q

Vines were grafted onto ___ after Phylloxera in CA

A

Vitis riparia and its hybrids (american rootstocks)

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16
Q

In New York, commercial winemaking can be traced to the __, when Robert Prince produced wine from native grapes on Long Island

A

1840s

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17
Q

What dominated vineyards in the Fingerlakes from the 1850s onwards?

A

native Concord & the American hybrids Catawba and Delaware

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18
Q

The nation’s first bonded winery, __, was est in 1860 and is still operating today, near Hammondsport in Finger Lakes

A

Pleasant Valley Wine Company

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19
Q

Ohio: in the mid-19th century,__ annually produced 150,000 bottles of traditional method, hand-riddled sparkling Catawba

A

Nicholas Longworth

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20
Q

Missouri, German immigrants were by 1856 producing 100,000 gallons annually, and __ in Hermann became the third largest winery in the world by the turn of the century

A

Stone Hill Winery

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21
Q

American grapevines and their hybrids were vitally important in Missouri; to this day the __ grape remains the pride of the state

A

Norton

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22
Q

__, a Missouri entomologist, earned his place in the history of wine for his part in saving it—he was the first to understand the innate resistance of American grapes species to phylloxera

A

Charles Valentine Riley

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23
Q

What change happened in the 1920s in US wine industry?

A

nationwide ban on the manufacture and sale of “intoxicating liquors” with the ratification of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution

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24
Q

The Frenchman Georges de Latour’s Beaulieu Vineyards actually thrived during the dry times, declaring itself-

A

the “House of Altar Wine.”

25
Q

When was prohibition lifted?

A

The 21st Amendment, ratified in 1933

26
Q

In 1938, Georges de Latour hired __, a Russian winemaker trained in France, to oversee the production at Beaulieu

A

André Tchelistcheff

27
Q

What did André Tchelistcheff bring to BV and CA?

A

He introduced the Georges de Latour Private Reserve Cabernet Sauvignon, a new benchmark in quality for American wine, and brought new standards of hygiene and techniques to California, including temperature-controlled fermentations and controlled malolactic fermentation

28
Q

Tchelistcheff, dubbed the “dean of American winemakers,” mentored-

A

Robert Mondavi, Louis Martini, Joe Heitz, and Mike Grgich

29
Q

CA wineries that survived Prohibition

A

Inglenook, Beringer, and Beaulieu

30
Q

Following his departure from Charles Krug due to a family feud, Robert Mondavi, a man many credit with creating the “brand” of Napa Valley, launched his winery’s first harvest in-

A

1966

31
Q

In 1968, Mondavi singlehandedly made Sauvignon Blanc saleable by renaming it “__” and aging it in oak.

A

Fumé Blanc

32
Q

Who were early modern pioneers in Sonoma?

A

Hanzell, Martin Ray, and Simi

33
Q

Winemaker Paul Draper in 1969 took over production of-

A

“Monte Bello” at Ridge in the Santa Cruz Mountains

34
Q

__ Vineyards, originally est by Paul Masson in 1878, produced its first vintage under its new name in 1972

A

Mount Eden

35
Q

The 1st __ Vineyard bottling (Monterey’s oldest commercial vineyard) debuted in 1960

A

Chalone

36
Q

In 1970, disregarding much advice to the contrary, Richard Sanford planted Pinot Noir in his new-

A

Sanford & Benedict Vineyard in Santa Barbara’s Santa Ynez Hills

37
Q

Dr. Konstantin Frank, a janitor at Cornell University, demonstrated in the face of tremendous skepticism that __ could grow successfully in the Finger Lakes

A

Vitis vinifera

38
Q

His Vinifera Wine Cellars, founded in __, achieved praise with Riesling and sparkling wines and ignited a new interest in noble varieties in New York

A

1962

39
Q

In 1965, __ of Eyrie Vineyard planted his first Pinot Noir grapes in the Willamette Valley

A

David Lett

40
Q

Who placed first in the 1976 “Judgment of Paris”?

A

Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars Cabernet Sauvignon and Chateau Montelena Chardonnay

41
Q

In 1978, a __ Cabernet Sauvignon was the first Napa Valley bottling to top the $100 mark at release

A

Diamond Creek

42
Q

Phylloxera recurred in California’s vineyards in the __

A

1980s

43
Q

What was the 1990s stylistic shift in CA?

A

ripeness, body, and higher alcohol levels, more weight and fruit

44
Q

What are new problems for CA growers?

A

Pierce’s Disease and the invasive, destructive light-brown apple moth both

45
Q

The bureau approved America’s first AVA—__—in late 1980

A

Augusta, in Missouri

46
Q

Napa Valley gained AVA status in __

A

1981

47
Q

Today, the Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), a new federal bureau created by the Homeland Security Act of _, oversees the AVA system

A

2002

48
Q

What did the TTB approve in 2009, setting an example for future label integrity?

A

Calistoga Cellars and Calistoga Estates—did not use enough Calistoga fruit in their wines, and stood to lose their names if the TTB approved the AVA application. In late 2009, the TTB approved the AVA without grandfathering either winery

49
Q

% of Grapes Required for Labeling by Appellation

A

If labeled by country, state, or county: 75%
If labeled by AVA: 85%
If labeled with a single vineyard: 95%

50
Q

wines labeled as California or Oregon are required to be made-

A

solely from grapes grown in the state

51
Q

wines labeled as Washington must contain at least __% of grapes grown in the state

A

95

52
Q

For wines labeled with an AVA, a min __% must come from the stated vintage

A

95

53
Q

; for wines labeled with a state or county, the min is relaxed to __

A

85%

54
Q

Wine with a varietal designation must contain a min __% of the stated variety

A

75

55
Q

Vitis labrusca grapes, like Concord, are an exception, and need only comprise a min __% of a varietal wine

A

51

56
Q

Alcohol content must be stated on the label, within a margin of-

A

+/- 1.5%

57
Q

As an alternative, wines in the 7-14% abv range may simply be labeled as-

A

“table wine” or “light wine.”

58
Q

In order to legally qualify for the term “Estate Bottled,”-

A

100% of a wine must come from grapes grown on land owned or controlled by the winery

59
Q

The winery and all vineyards used in the production of an estate-bottled wine must be located-

A

within the same AVA

MONTH 6 (11 decks)

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