Canada

Question 1

Canada’s modern history of winemaking begins in the early 19th century, but Vitis vinifera vines were not planted on a commercial scale until the __

Answer 1

1970s

Question 2

In the 1950s and 1960s, growers began moving away from native labrusca varieties and American crosses like Concord and Niagara to-

Answer 2

French hybrids

Question 3

What became one of Canada’s most planted varieties by the 1970s?

Answer 3

De Chaunac, a red French hybrid developed by Albert Seibel but introduced to Canada after World War II by Adhemar de Chaunac

Question 4

De Chaunac ended the reliance of his employer, Ontario’s Brights Wines, on native grapes and introduced a number of other hybrids from his native France, including-

Answer 4

Baco Noir, Rosette and Maréchal Foch

Question 5

In 1951, De Chaunac oversaw the successful introduction of what?

Answer 5

10 acres of Chardonnay at Brights, predating Dr. Konstantin Frank’ in NY by just a few years

Question 6

Brights Wines’ experimental vineyards of vinifera vines remained a small project, as-

Answer 6

French hybrids quickly came to dominate the Canadian wine landscape

Question 7

Like the US, Canada suffered through prohibition in the early 20th century, albeit it on a __ rather than national scale

Answer 7

provincial

Question 8

Who were the last winemaking provinces to repeal prohibition?

Answer 8

Ontario and Nova Scotiare in 1927 and 1929

Question 9

By 1974 only __ wineries remained in business in Canada

Answer 9

6

Question 10

The end of the moratorium in 1974 signaled the beginning of a new era of small premium production and vinifera wines, with the founding of-

Answer 10

Inniskillin in Niagara-on-the-Lake

Question 11

Inniskillin almost singlehandedly created an international reputation for-

Answer 11

Canadian icewine

Question 12

What is the only French hybrid allowed for VQA icewine?

Answer 12

Vidal

Question 13

The most noteworthy icewines are produced from-

Answer 13

European grapes like Riesling and Cabernet Franc

Question 14

In 1988, Canada signed a free trade agreement with the US, which required Canadian producers to-

Answer 14

refocus on quality in order to compete in their own domestic market, and, when coupled with a government-sponsored vine pull scheme, led to an even larger share in the vineyard for vinifera grapes

Question 15

In 1988, an appellation and quality control system known as the __ was launched in Ontario

Answer 15

Vintners’ Quality Alliance (VQA)

Question 16

British Columbia established its VQA standards in-

Answer 16

1990

Question 17

What are the only areas with VQA status today?

Answer 17

Ontario and British Columbia

Question 18

VQA standards are __enforced in Ontario, but __ in British Columbia

Answer 18

legally, voluntary

Question 19

VQA wines from Ontario or British Columbia must be made from __% of grapes grown in the respective province

Answer 19

100

Question 20

If labeled with a more precise appellation, British Columbia VQA wines must contain a minimum __% of grapes grown in the stated appellation

Answer 20

95

Question 21

Ontario VQA wines require _% for appellations and regional appellations, and __% for sub-appellations (in Niagara Peninsula)

Answer 21

85, 100

Question 22

To be labeled with a single vineyard in either province, a VQA wine must-

Answer 22

solely contain grapes grown in the stated vineyard

Question 23

With the exception of sparkling wines, all Ontario VQA wines must be labeled with-

Answer 23

a vintage date and contain a min 85% of grapes harvested in that year

Question 24

For British Columbia VQA vintage-dated wines, the min requirement is also set at-

Answer 24

85%

Question 25

Varietal wines from Ontario/BC must contain a min-

Answer 25

85% of the stated variety

Question 26

VQA standards set limits on-

Answer 26

chaptalization (it is not authorized for the production of late harvest or icewine), acidification, must weights, and other various technical aspects of winemaking

Question 27

Ontario is divided into what 3 main appellations/viticultural areas?

Answer 27

1. the Niagara Peninsula
2. Lake Erie North Shore
3. Prince Edward County

Question 28

What state is Canada’s largest producer with approximately 15,000 acres devoted to vinifera grapes?

Answer 28

Ontario

Question 29

What 4th appellation of Ontario was in existence until 2013, when it was formally deregulated?

Answer 29

Pelee Island (Canada’s southernmost point and smallest viticultural area, situated several miles off the shoreline of Lake Erie)

Question 30

Where are all 3 of Ontario’s current appellations?

Answer 30

on the shores of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario

Question 31

All of Ontario’s appellations are located between __° in latitude

Answer 31

41°-44

Question 32

Climate of Ontarios appellations?

Answer 32

cool continental climate is mitigated by the lake effect of the Great Lakes, (this dissipates quickly as one travels away from the coast)

Question 33

What is Ontario’s largest viticultural area?

Answer 33

The Niagara Peninsula

Question 34

The Niagara Peninsula is subdivided into what 2 regional appellations?

Answer 34

1. Niagara Escarpment

2. Niagara-on-the-Lake

Question 35

What are the dominant vinifera varieties in the Niagara Peninsula?

Answer 35

Riesling, Chardonnay, Cabernet Franc and Pinot Noir

Question 36

What remains one of the most acclaimed wines of the Niagara Peninsula?

Answer 36

Icewine, a German style adopted by Inniskillin

Question 37

Hopeful producers declare their intent to produce icewine to the VQA in __, and allow grapes to remain on the vine into the winter, finally harvesting the frozen grapes at night, when temperatures reach at least _° C.

Answer 37

November, -8

Question 38

To the north, much of Prince Edward County is separated from the mainland by water, and the vineyards occupy a fractured landmass of-

Answer 38

well-drained soils, interspersed with inlets and coves

Question 39

What are common amidst Prince Edward County ’s handful of wineries?

Answer 39

Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

Question 40

On Canada’s Pacific Coast, British Columbia supports what 5 VQA Designated Viticultural Areas (DVAs)?

Answer 40

1. Vancouver Island
2. Fraser Valley
3. Similkameen Valley
4. Gulf Islands
5. Okanagan Valley

Question 41

The Okanagan Valley is one of the world’s most northerly wine regions, reaching northward of the __ parallel

Answer 41

49th

Question 42

What is the most developed region in British Columbia?

Answer 42

The Okanagan Valley, it supplies 82% of the province’s wine

Question 43

The Okanagan Valley experiences the rain shadow effect from-

Answer 43

the Monashee Mountains

Question 44

Describe aspect/climate of Okanagan Valley

Answer 44

narrow valley, enjoys long daylight hours and a true continental climate, despite some mitigation of extremes by the nearby Lake Okanagan

Question 45

Summers are hotter in the Okanagan Valley than in California’s coastal regions, and winters are much colder, bringing annual fears of-

Answer 45

significant vine damage

Question 46

Grapes grown in Okanagan?

Answer 46

almost evenly divided between white/red grapes, with Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Merlot, and Pinot Blanc

Question 47

In 1973, prior to Inniskillin’s inception, __ produced icewine on a very small scale in Okanagan Valley

Answer 47

Walter Hanlie