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MONTH 6 > Chile > Flashcards

Chile Flashcards

1
Q

Until the 21st century, what was the most planted grape in Chile?

A

País (Chilean synonym for the Mission grape)

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2
Q

Ampelographical research determined that much of Chile’s Sauvignon Blanc was actually what?

A

Sauvignon Vert, or Friulano

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3
Q

A significant portion of the country’s Merlot turned out to be what?

A

Carmenère, the 6th “lost” grape of Bordeaux

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4
Q

From north to south, what are the 6 regional Denominations of Origin (DOs)?

A
  1. Atacama
  2. Coquimbo
  3. Aconcagua
  4. Valle Central (Central Valley)
  5. Sur (the Southern Regions)
  6. Austral Region
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5
Q

What is the southernmost limit of grapegrowing in the country?

A

Austral Region, a new area

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6
Q

Climate of the northernmost regions of Atacama and Coquimbo?

A

dry and desert-like, grapes historically destined for Pisco

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7
Q

Chile’s most suitable vineyards for fine wine are mostly situated-

A

in the Central Valley to the south of Santiago

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8
Q

Central Valley climate?

A

the proximity of the Andes cools nighttime temperatures, and along the coast, the cold, maritime Humboldt Current cools the vines

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9
Q

Although the Coastal Mountains (between the Central Valley and the Pacific) provide some shelter, what forces cool sea air inland through the river valleys to affect the Central Valley vineyards during the day?

A

the Humboldt Current

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10
Q

What is essential in both the Central Valley and Aconcagua?

A

irrigation

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11
Q

Climate in the country’s southernmost areas of viticulture?

A

rainfall is higher, overall growing season is cooler and shorter

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12
Q

What exists in most of Chile’s major regions?

A

Significant variations in altitude, as vineyard plantings climb from the coast into the Coastal Ranges, and from the valleys into the Andean foothills

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13
Q

Chilean wine law est what in 1995?

A

the 75% rule: vintage, varietal, and DO must, if listed on the bottle, comprise a min 75% of the blend

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14
Q

Many wineries observe an __% minimum for all three categories, in order to comply with EU standards for export.

A

85

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15
Q

Chilean law requires all wines to show a min alcohol of-

A

11.5%

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16
Q

Wines labeled Reserva and Reserva Especial must have-

A

a min 12% abv

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17
Q

Wines labeled Reserva Privada and Gran Reserva require-

A

a min 12.5% abv

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18
Q

Reserva Especial and Gran Reserva wines spend-

A

mandatory time in oak

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19
Q

Red grapes account for approx __% of total acreage in Chile

A

73

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20
Q

Leading grape varieties in Chile after CS and País include-

A

Merlot, SB (and Sauvignon Vert), Chardonnay, Carmenère, Syrah, Sémillon, Pinot Noir, and CF

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21
Q

___ retains a large share of plantings, but the grape is used chiefly for distillation

A

Muscat of Alexandria

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22
Q

In Atacama, the northernmost winegrowing region, viticulture is only possible through-

A

irrigation

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23
Q

Atacama wines are generally __

A

distilled

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24
Q

What is also prominent in Coquimbo?

A

Pisco and table grape production

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25
Q

Name Coquimbo’s 2 northern valleys

A

Elqui and Limarí

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26
Q

What does well in Elqui and Limarí

A

CS is the most planted grape in both regions, but Syrah is gaining attention in the regions’ cool, high-altitude vineyards

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27
Q

Name Coquimbo’s 3rd subregion

A

Choapa

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28
Q

Where is Choapa located?

A

in a narrow area to the south, where the Andes and Coastal Mountains converge

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29
Q

The Aconcagua DO takes its name from-

A

the Aconcagua River, rather than the nearby Argentinean peak—the highest mountain in the Americas

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30
Q

Climate of the Aconcagua Valley subregion?

A

sunny, dry

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31
Q

The Aconcagua Valley follows the river as it flows-

A

from the Andes to the Pacific

32
Q

Soils in the Aconcagua Valley are generally-

33
Q

What dominate the Aconcagua valley’s vineyards?

A

red grapes, particularly CS and Merlot

34
Q

Although much of the Aconcagua valley is distressingly hot for grape-growing, what commune experiences a more moderate climate?

A

Panquehue, home to Errázuriz, one of Chile’s most prominent estates and winemaking families

35
Q

Describe Errázuriz’s “Seña”

A

Bordeaux-style blend, placed ahead of Château Lafite & Château Margaux in the 2004 Berlin Tasting—a milestone likened to the famous 1976 Judgment of Paris

36
Q

Name Aconcagua DO’s other subregions

A

Casablanca and San Antonio

37
Q

Where are Casablanca and San Antonio located?

A

along the coast

38
Q

What are among Chile’s coolest new winemaking zones,?

A

Casablanca and San Antonio, in stark contrast to the heat of the interior Aconcagua Valley

39
Q

With a relatively short history, Casablanca has become-

A

the Aconcagua DO’s most prominent zone of production and one of Chile’s most exciting areas for fresh, crisp and fruity SB and Chardonnay

40
Q

The emerging area of __ is directly south of Casablanca

A

San Antonio

41
Q

What are the 4 subzones of San Antonio?

A
  1. Leyda
  2. Lo Abarca
  3. Rosario
  4. Malvilla
42
Q

Like Casablanca, San Antonio is predominantly-

A

a white wine region, w/ PN also showing promise

43
Q

What is Chile’s oldest and most established winemaking region?

A

The Central Valley DO, located between the Andes and the hills and ranges along the coast

44
Q

The Central Valley DO’s 4 subregions from north to south-

A
  1. Maipo Valley
  2. Rapel Valley
  3. Curicó
  4. Maule Valley
45
Q

The warm Maipo Valley is Chile’s most famous winemaking area, and the classic region in the country for-

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

46
Q

Over 50% of the Maipo Valley’s more than 10,000 hectares are devoted to CS, followed by-

A

Merlot, Chardonnay and Carmenère

47
Q

Due to its proximity to Santiago, what are based in the Maipo Valley?

A

many of Chile’s est houses, including Concha y Toro (Chile’s largest producer), Santa Rita, and Cousiño Macul.

48
Q

What wines issue from the subregion of Puente Alto?

A

Concha y Toro’s “Don Melchor”
Errázuriz’s “Viñedo Chadwick” CS varietal wines
“Almaviva”, (joint project btwn Baron Philippe de Rothschild (Mouton-Rothschild) and Concha y Toro)

49
Q

What thrives on the well-drained, low slopes of the Andes in Puente Alto?

50
Q

What took first place in the 2004 Berlin Tasting?

A

2000 “Viñedo Chadwick”

51
Q

The Rapel Valley is located-

A

to the south of Maipo

52
Q

The Rapel Valley is divided into-

A

Cachapoal and Colchagua

53
Q

Although CS’s position as the leading grape in Cachapoal and Colchagua is firmly secure, what is growing in importance?

A

Carmenère, may soon eclipse Merlot as the valley’s 2nd most cultivated grape

54
Q

Colchagua is the larger, central portion of the Rapel valley, and is characterized by-

A

a warm climate and fertile soils

55
Q

Although Colchagua is historically a bulk wine region, producers are finding success with-

A

premium wines sourced from higher-altitude eastern subregions with greater diurnal variation,

56
Q

What subregions are doing well in Colchagua?

A

San Fernando and Chimbarongo

57
Q

Apalta in eastern Colchagua is the source of what?

A

Casa Lapostolle’s “Clos Apalta” and Viña Montes “Alpha M,” two of Chile’s iconic Bordeaux-style blends

58
Q

Viña Montes also produces what from Colchagua fruit?

A

“Purple Angel,” one of Chile’s highest-profile Carmenère varietal wines

59
Q

What comprise the remainder of the Central Valley DO?

A

The Maule Valley and Curicó

60
Q

Maule, one of Chile’s largest regions, has much more vineyard acreage than the __ , but the quality is variable

A

Maipo Valley

61
Q

Although CS recently overtook País as Maule’s most planted grape, what still comprises a large share of output?

A

bulk wines meant for local consumption

62
Q

What are the 2 subregions of Curicó?

A

Lontué and Teno

63
Q

Curicó achieved some international recognition when-

A

Miguel Torres set up Chilean operations here in the 1970s

64
Q

What dominates in Curicó?

A

CS, SB and Chard

65
Q

Chile’s Southern Regions DO (Sur) contains what 3 valleys?

A
  1. Itata
  2. Bío Bío
  3. Malleco
66
Q

What are the most planted grapes in both Itata and Bío Bío?

A

País and Muscat de Alexandria

67
Q

Nearly 6000 acres of the __ variety in the Southern Regions, while on the decline, account for its status as Chile’s third most planted white varietal

68
Q

What are Chile’s 1st and 2nd most planted whites?

A

Sauvignon (Blanc and Vert) and Chardonnay

69
Q

Malleco is a tiny region, with just a few hectares of-

A

Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

70
Q

All of the DOs have a __ orientation

A

north-south

71
Q

In 2011, the Chilean Ministry of Agriculture amended wine law to support what 3 new geographic terms?

A
  1. Costa
  2. Entre Cordilleras
  3. Andes
72
Q

What does Costa imply?

A

the proximity of a vineyard to the coast

73
Q

What does Entre Cordilleras imply?

A

(“between mountains”) describes the valley areas between the coastal range and the Andes, a region in which over 3/4 of wine grapes are grown

74
Q

What does Andes imply?

A

the proximity of a vineyard to the mountains

75
Q

In order for a wine to qualify for one of the new designations, at least__% of the grapes must be harvested in the appropriate region

MONTH 6 (11 decks)

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