US History - Chapter 1

Question 1

Reasons for exploration

Answer 1

• God
• Gold
• Glory

Question 2

Results of exploration

Answer 2

• Improved technology and trade
• Spread colonization
• Decimated Native American populations
• African enslavement

Question 3

The Columbian Exchange

Answer 3

The transfer of plants, animals, and germs from one side of the Atlantic to the other for the first time

Question 4

Impacts of the Columbian Exchange on Europe/Asia

Answer 4

• Population growth
• Increased wealth
• Rise of capitalism

Question 5

Impacts of the Columbian Exchange on Native Americans

Answer 5

• Spread of disease
• Social classes formed
• Encomienda system with the Spanish
• Horses transformed Natives’ lives

Question 6

Impact of the Columbian Exchange on Africa

Answer 6

• Enslavement

Question 7

Spanish exploration and conquest

Answer 7

• First to explore the New World
• Created caste system and encomienda system
• Used Native Americans for forced labor
• When Natives died from disease, they switched to using Africans

Question 8

Encomienda system

Answer 8

• A system where Spanish adventurers and settlers gained the legal right to extract forced labor from indigenous tribes
• In exchange, the Spanish would offer military protection to the tribes and offer them the opportunity to be converted to Christianity

Question 9

Asiento system

Answer 9

An African slave-selling license granted to merchants by the Portuguese and Spanish crowns, allowing them the monopoly on a trade route or merchandise

Question 10

Mayas

Answer 10

A group of indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica, occupying Central America and Mexico

Question 11

Aztecs

Answer 11

Indigenous peoples who were prominent in Mexico before the Spanish conquest of the 16th century

Question 12

Downfall of the encomienda system

Answer 12

• Native Americans dying from European diseases
• Mestizos couldn’t be forced to work in the encomienda system
• Replaced by slave labor

Question 13

Bartolome de Las Cases

Answer 13

• Dominican priest who was one of the first Spanish settlers in the New World, and who later advocated for Native American rights
• Condemned the encomienda system and Spanish treatment of Native Americans

Question 14

Conquistadores

Answer 14

• Explorer-soldiers of both the Spanish and Portuguese empires during the 15th and 16th centuries
• Prominent during the Age of Discovery

Question 15

Hernan Cortes

Answer 15

• Spanish conquistador who led the conquest of the Aztec empire in Mexico in 1519
• Took over Mesoamerica and became the first ruler of the new colony of New Spain

Question 16

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 16

• An agreement between Spain and Portugal that defined where each country could explore and claim lands
• Established a new demarcation line between the two empires in the Americas

Question 17

Lakota Sioux

Answer 17

• Also called the Teton Sioux, the Lakota are comprised of seven tribal bands and are the largest and most western of the 3 groups of the Sioux
• The Lakota occupy land in North and South Dakota

Question 18

Iroquois Confederation

Answer 18

• A loose alliance of five Native American tribes established in 1451
• Composed of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca peoples

Question 19

French exploration and conquest

Answer 19

• Large territorial claims, but small settlements
• Main settlers were fur traders and priests
• Best relations with the Native Americans
• French men married Native women

Question 20

New Netherland

Answer 20

• Most prominent commercial empire
• Fur trade
• Good relations with Native Americans
• One of the 1st to allow private worship

Question 21

British exploration and conquest

Answer 21

• Came to establish permanent colonies
• Not interested in relations with Native Americans
• Wanted to steal Native land and murder them

Question 22

John Cabot

Answer 22

• Italian explorer who, in 1497, led the English expedition that discovered the mainland of North America and explored the coasts of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland