End of Colonialism in India, South Africa & Ireland

Question 1

Background of India’s colonization

Answer 1

• Colonized by Great Britain
• Considered the “crown jewel” of the British Empire
• Main crops were cotton, cashmere, and spices

Question 2

The 3 leaders of India’s decolonization

Answer 2

• Gandhi: Hindu, Pacifist British-educated lawyer who practiced law in India and South Africa
• Jawaharlal Nehru: Hindu, Humanist British-educated lawyer who focused on the equality and power of mankind
• Mohammed Ali Jinnah: Muslim who proposed the division of the British Raj

Question 3

Division of the British Raj

Answer 3

• West Pakistan: Muslim
• India: Hindu
• East Pakistan (later Bangladesh): Muslim

Question 4

Fates of these 3 leaders

Answer 4

• Gandhi: Assassinated
• Nehru: 1st Prime Minister of India
• Jinnah: 1st leader of independent Pakistan

Question 5

Background of South Africa’s colonization

Answer 5

• 3 main groups lived in South Africa: Indigenous black tribes, Dutch colonizers, and English colonizers

Question 6

Indigenous black tribes

Answer 6

• Were primarily farming-based and hunter-gatherers
• Bushmen
• Hottentots
• Zulus

Question 7

Dutch colonizers

Answer 7

• Focused on farming
• Spoke Dutch and Afrikaans
• Practiced Protestant Christianity and Dutch Reform (Calvinist)

Question 8

English colonizers

Answer 8

• Focused on mining for diamonds
• Spoke English
• Practiced Anglicanism, Methodism, and Baptists

Question 9

South Africa after independence

Answer 9

• Liberated from British rule
• Instituted Apartheid, or segregation. This system favored the Dutch White population

Question 10

Background of Ireland’s colonization

Answer 10

• Ruled by Great Britain since 1167
• British rule ended in most of Ireland in 1923
• Northern Ireland is still under British rule

Question 11

Irish populations

Answer 11

• Native Irish (Gaelic Irish): Majority population that is predominantly Roman Catholic and speaks Irish Gaelic
• Anglo-Irish (English ancestry): Minority population that is predominantly Anglican and speaks English
• Ulster-Scots (Scottish ancestry): Minority population that makes up 50% of Northern Ireland that is predominantly Calvinist and speaks English (formerly Scottish Gaelic)

Question 12

Easter Rising

Answer 12

• Occurred in 1916
• Irish Catholics took over Dublin
• The rising was led by the Irish Republican Army (IRA) by James Connelly and Patrick Pearce. They were later caught and executed

Question 13

Irish Civil War

Answer 13

• Occurred from 1917-1922
• The IRA was fighting against the British army (Blacks & Tans)
• The war ended with the Partition of Ireland
• 6 counties are kept under British rule in the North, and the capital is named as Belfast

Question 14

The Troubles

Answer 14

• Occurred from 1923-1998
• Consisted of violent terrorist attacks to free or protect Northern Ireland
• The 2 groups were the IRA (fighting to free Northern Ireland), and the Orangemen (in favor of British rule)
• The Good Friday Agreement ends The Troubles in 1998

Question 15

Sinn Fein

Answer 15

• Political party in Northern Ireland, the peaceful faction of the IRA
• Members of the party are elected to Parliament
• Pro-Catholic
• Want independence for Northern Ireland
• Want to restore the Gaelic language

Question 16

Eamon de Valera

Answer 16

• Born in New York City, with a Spanish father and Irish mother
• Drafted the Irish Constitution in 1937
• Considered the founder of the modern Irish republic