Us and Es Flashcards
what is the purpose of Us and Es
assesses renal status
estimates fluid balance
cheap
what are the causes of hyperkalaemia
may be an artifact kidney failure addison's alcoholism ACE inhibitors ARBs DM1
why is hyperkalaemia found in diabetes
potassium shift out of cells
reduced ability to excrete
what can alter potassium levels
diuretics digoxin reduced kidney function IV resusc mineralocorticoid excess D and V laxatives fistulae alkalosis insulin or glucose therapy
what are the signs of potassium depletion
D and V drugs (diuretics/ digoxin) lethargy and weakness arrhythmias polyuria alkalosis
how do you treat hyperkalaemia
correct acidosis
stop intake
give glucose and insulin
what is the effect of insulin on potassium
drives potassium into cells
what is the effect of acidosis on potassium
potassium leaves cells causing hyperkalaemia
what is the effect of alkalosis on potassium
hypokalaemia due to potassium entering cells
what can cause hyponatraemia
diuretics addisons nephritis D and V skin los SIADH drugs CRF post surgery hypothyroid
what are the causes of hypernatraemia
hypovolaemia (inadequate intake or excessive loss)
diabetes insipidus
conn’s
what is the function of GFR
best measure of kidney function
what does urea and creatinine show
renal dysfunction
creatinine is a reflection of muscle mass
what is the function of RAAS
sodium retention
how do assess RAAS status
if sodium in urine is less than 10 mmol then RAAS is active
