URTI in children Flashcards
what is the upper resp tract
airway proximal to the voicebox
what conditions count as URIT
otitis
rhinitis
tonsillitis
pharyngitis
laryngitis
epiglottitis
side effects from abx
diarrhoea
oral thrush
nappy rash
allergic reaction
multi resistance
- 1/3-1/2 of abx will cause a side effect
how common are URTI
very common
acute URIT - 14% of all admissions in scotland
acute tonsillitis - 3%
croup - 2%
otitis media - 0.6%
majority are self-limiting
how common is rhinitis
very common
each person may have 5-10/yr
when does rhinitis tend to occur
winter months
severity of rhinitis
self limiting condition
can be a prodrome to other illnesses (1/100 000)
- pneumonia
- meningitis
- septicaemia
review if unsure
how long does rhinitis normally last
~50% for 11 days
~20 for 14 days
some a bit longer
what is otitis media
infection of the middle ear
what does the eardrum look like in OM
red
bulging eardrum
may be rupture and discharge
how common is otitis media
common and self limiting
what causes otitis media
1y viral infection e.g. cold
2y infection w/ pneumococcus/H influenzae
natural hx of OM
spontaneous rupture of eardrum
management of OM
abx usually don’t help
symptomatic Rx - paracetamol or ibuprofen for the pain
normal duration of earache
typically 3 days
20% up to 7 days
when to treat OM w/ abx
- severe uni and bilateral ≥6m/o, severe pain >48hrs
- non-severe bilateral 6-23 mths
treatment of tonsillitis/pharyngitis
is it viral or bacterial
throat swab
either nothing or 10 days penicllin
DO NOT GIVE AMOXYCILLIN
viral vs bacterial tonsillits
throat swab - takes 48hrs for results
strep throat - often have scarlet fever (faint pink rash, rough texture); classically pallor around the mouth, generally unwell
normal duration of sore throat
2-3 days
some variation
what causes croup
parainfluenza virus
features of croup
child is generally well but noisy
coryza
stridor
hoarse voice
barking cough
management of croup
oral dexamethasone
what causes epiglottitis
H. influenzae type b
how common is epiglottitis
rare
features of epiglottitis
child is very unwell
stridor, drooling
management of epiglottitis
intubation
abx
normal duration of croup
1-2 days
some longer (up to 3)
