pulmonary and aortic stenosis Flashcards

1
Q

symptoms of pulmonary stenosis

A

mild - asymptomatic

moderate/severe - exertional dyspnoea and fatigue

ejection systolic murmur upper L sternal border w/ radiation to back

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2
Q

what determines the stages of PS

A

gradient in doppler flow across the valve measured on echo

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3
Q

interventions for PS

A

balloon valvoplasty

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4
Q

what is balloon valvoplasty

A

catheter placed through femoral vein

pushed up into RA through tricuspid valve up to pulmonary valve

balloon blown up which stretches the valve

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5
Q

what is PS usually due to

A

adhesions between the cusps of the valve in the periphery

  • ballooning the valve is relatively uncontrolled and damage to the cusps can occur → regurgitation
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6
Q

how well is pulmonary regurg tolerated in children

A

well - low pressure situation

in older age the valve may need replaced

  • uncommon in children, valve replacement is delayed until after puberty if possible
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7
Q

complications of pulmonary valve replacement

A

scar tissue can affect conduction of electrical impulses between atria and ventricles

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8
Q

symptoms of AS

A
  • mostly asymptomatic
  • severe - reduced exercise tolerance, exertional chest pain, syncope
  • ejection systolic murmur upper R sternal border, radiation to carotids
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9
Q

how common is AS

A

2nd most common valvular problem in childhood

PS is most common

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10
Q

treatment of AS

A

balloon valvoplasty - AR is common after due to high pressure an isn’t as well tolerance

valve replacement required earlier - biosynthetic or transplant across pulmonary valve and use artificial valve in place of pulmonary

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