URT Flashcards
components of the URT
nasal cavity
mouth
pharynx
larynx
trachea and bronchi before they enter the lung
what are the main functions of the URT
conduct air to and from lungs
modification of inspired air
defence of the body against harmful substances
olfaction and gustation
vocalisation
ways that air is modified
temperature
humidification
removal of particulate matter
how does the URT defend against harmful substances
filtration
coughing and sneezing
reflex closure of glottis on mechanical stimulation
continues movement of mucous throughout URT containing enzyme lysozyme which destroys some bacteria
lymphoid tissue - pathogens pass over tonsils trapped in their crypts and phagocytosed and drain into retropharyngeal lymph node
what is olfaction
air drawn to caudal part of nasal cavity as it passes over ethmoturbinates
what is gustation
taste
what are the modifications of the URT in excersise
dilation of external nares
vasoconstriction of nasal mucosa
dilation of glottis - nostrils widen, mucous membranes vasoconstrict, larynx widens
what is the pharynx
chamber that is the continuation of the oral and nasal cavities
functions of pharynx
involved in:
nasal breathing
mouth breathing
swallowing
vomiting
what are the three parts of the pharynx
nasopharynx - above soft palate
oropharynx - below soft palate
laryngopharynx - space above larynx
features of pharynx
arches = thickening in lateral wall
tonsils
entrance to auditory tubes
types of pharynx muscles and number of pairs
3 constriction
2 shortening
1 dilation
what are all the muscles of the pharynx innervated by
glossopharyngeal - vagus nerve complex
muscles of the soft palate
tensor veli palatini
levator veli palatini
palatinus
function of tensor veli palatini
tenses soft palate
