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head > external ear, middle ear and gutteral pouch > Flashcards

external ear, middle ear and gutteral pouch Flashcards

1
Q

what is the external auditory meatus

A

ear canal
space running inside cartilages to the tympanic membrane

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2
Q

how many muscles are there in the ear

A

18 muscles per ear plus platysma

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3
Q

what are the three groups of ear muscles and what are their function

A

pre-auricular - move ear forward
ventral auricular - move ear ventrally
post auricular - moves ear caudally and medially

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4
Q

motor nerve supply to the structures of the external ear

A

facial nerve

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5
Q

what structure is supplied by rostral auricular nerve

A

rostral ear muscles

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6
Q

what does the caudal and great auricular nerve supply

A

caudal ear muscles

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7
Q

sensory supply to the structures of the external ear

A

auriculartemporal branches of mandibular trigeminal to small rostral part of external ear and deep ear canal
cervical spinal nerves = outside of ear
internal auricular branch of facial nerve supplies inside of ear canal

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8
Q

what is the middle ear

A

cavity that lies within the temporal bone

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9
Q

what is the ventral floor of the middle ear formed by

A

tympanic bulla

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10
Q

what lies laterally to the middle ear

A

tympanic membrane - eardrum

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11
Q

what lies medially and dorsally to the middle ear

A

petrous temporal bone that houses inner ear

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12
Q

features of importance of the middle ear

A

tympanic membrane
tympanic bulla
facial nerve
chorda tympani
auditory tube

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13
Q

what is the tympanic bulla

A

air filled ventral part of cavity

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14
Q

what is the chorda tympani

A

branch of facial nerve that splits off from main branch in middle ear

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15
Q

species that have guttural pouch

A

odd toes ungulates eg horse, rhino

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16
Q

what is the guttural pouch

A

air filled ventral diverticulum of auditory tube

17
Q

what divides the guttural pouch ventrally into medial and lateral components

A

stylohyoid bone

18
Q

what is in the lateral compartment of the guttural pouch

A

external carotid artery
maxillary artery
facial nerve
mandibular trigeminal nerve

19
Q

what is the in medial compartment of the guttural pouch

A

internal carotid artery
cranial cervical ganglion and sympathetic nerves glossopharyngeal nerves
vagus nerve
accessory nerve
hypoglossal nerve
longus capitus muscle

20
Q

when is the only time the guttural pouch drains

A

when head is down and horse swallows

21
Q

tympany

A

air distention

22
Q

empyema

A

bacterial infection

23
Q

mycosis

A

fungal infection

24
Q

expitaxis

A

nose bleed - internal or external carotid artery

25
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

26
Q

what causes laryngeal paralysis

A

vagus nerve

27
Q

what causes horners syndrome

A

sympathetic nerves

28
Q

swelling/dyspnoea

A

pharyngeal wall/roof collapse

head (10 decks)

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