adnexa of the eye

Question 1

what are the layers that make up the eyelid

Answer 1

skin
musculofibrous - pharyngeal muscles, somite muscles, smooth muscle and connective tissue and glands
palpebral conjuctiva

Question 2

what is the tarsal plate and what does it do

Answer 2

stiff plate of connective tissue that supports the free edge of each lid

Question 3

what is the cause of the common stye

Answer 3

inflammation and infection of one of the sebaceous glands

Question 4

what is the sensory nerve supply to the region around the eyes supplied by

Answer 4

trigeminal nerve - ophthalmic division to upper lid and maxillary to lower lid.

Question 5

where is the third eyelid situated at rest

Answer 5

canthus of eye

Question 6

what is the third eye lid

Answer 6

t shaped cartilage supporting fold of conjuctiva

Question 7

what does the lacrimal gland of the third eye do

Answer 7

sweeps across cornea when eyeball retracted by retractor bulbi muscles and returns to original position by contraction of smooth muscle within it

Question 8

what is the lacrimal gland of the third eyelid innervated by

Answer 8

sympathetic nerves which run through middle of ear

Question 9

function of tarsal gland

Answer 9

40 small openings secreting waxy surface preventing tears from spilling out of eye

Question 10

what muscles of the eyelids does the palpebral branch of auriculopalpebral (facial nerve, CNVII, SVE) supply

Answer 10

oribcularis oculi
superciliaris
retracter anguli occuli

Question 11

function of oribcularis oculi

Answer 11

eye lid closing muscle which sweeps tears across front of eye to keep clean and moist

Question 12

function of superciliaris

Answer 12

lifts upper eyelid and eyebrow

Question 13

function of Retractor anguli occuli

Answer 13

draws lateral angle posteriorly

Question 14

what muscles of the eyelids does the occulomotor (CNIII, SE) supply

Answer 14

levetor palpebra superioris

Question 15

function of levetor palpebra superioris

Answer 15

lifts upper eyelid

Question 16

what does the sympathetic AE from cranial ganglion supply

Answer 16

smooth muscles of the upper and lower lids

Question 17

components of the lacrimal apparatus

Answer 17

lacrimal duct
small associated glands
gland of third eyelid
lacrimal gland

Question 18

what is the lacrimal gland and what does it do

Answer 18

flat lobulated gland secreting serous and mucous fluid to moisten the eye and supply the cornea with some nutrients

Question 19

innervation of lacrimal gland

Answer 19

AE from facial nerve running via pterygopalatine ganglion onto the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

Question 20

what happens in nasolacrimal duct

Answer 20

tears drain from lacrimal lake to lacrimal sac into lacrimal duct then into nasal cavity.
runs at first through wall of maxilla and then on internal surface covered by mucosa which opens dorsolateral wall of nostril

Question 21

what is the periorbital fascia

Answer 21

cone shaped fibrous tunic surrounding eye and extraocular muscles

Question 22

what are the 3 layers that make up the periorbital fascia

Answer 22

periorbita - most superficial
superficial muscular fascia - middle layer
deep muscular fascia - deep layer

Question 23

what are the 7 extraocular muscles

Answer 23

4 rectus - dorsal ventral medial and lateral
2 oblique - dorsal and ventral
1 retractor - retractor bulbi

Question 24

where does the rectus muscles insert

Answer 24

rostral to equator

Question 25

where do the oblique muscles insert

Answer 25

rostral to equator

Question 26

where does the retractor muscle insert

Answer 26

caudal to equator

Question 27

where do all extraocular muscles except the ventral oblique originate from

Answer 27

region of optic canal and orbital fissure

Question 28

action of dorsal rectus

Answer 28

produces dorsal tilting of pupil

Question 29

action of ventral rectus

Answer 29

produces ventral tilting of pupil

Question 30

action of lateral rectus

Answer 30

abduction of pupil

Question 31

function of medial rectus

Answer 31

adduction of pupil

Question 32

function of dorsal oblique

Answer 32

dorsal eyeball pulled medially and ventrally

Question 33

function of ventral oblique

Answer 33

ventral part moved medially and dorsally

Question 34

function of retractor bulbi

Answer 34

retracts eyeball

Question 35

what extraocular muscles does the oculomotor CNIII supply

Answer 35

dorsal, medial and ventral recti muscles and ventral oblique

Question 36

what extraocular muscle does the trochlear nerve CNIV supply

Answer 36

dorsal oblique

Question 37

what extraocular muscles does the abducent nerve CNVI supply

Answer 37

lateral rectus and part of retractor bulbi