food prehension, mastication and salivation

Question 1

what is mastication

Answer 1

tearing, grinding and chewing of food

Question 2

principle organs of food prehension

Answer 2

lips, cheek, teeth and tongue

Question 3

what makes up the masticatory apparatus

Answer 3

teeth, temporomandibular, symphysial joints and masticatory muscles.

Question 4

what is the temporomandibular joint

Answer 4

2 condyles that sit in 2 concave surfaces between the temporal bones of the skull - one on each side

Question 5

what is thickened to form the mandibular ligament

Answer 5

joint capsule

Question 6

what is the symphysial joint

Answer 6

unites 2 halves of the mandible at the rostral end which allows small changes in the angulation of the lower to aid food prehension

Question 7

what are the muscles of the lips (labium)

Answer 7

oribucalaris oris
levator nasolabialis
depressor labii inferioris
caninus
zygomasticus

Question 8

what are all the muscles of the lips innervated by

Answer 8

facial nerve
sensory supplied by trigeminal
upper lip is maxillary division
lower lip is mandibular division

Question 9

function of oribicularis oris

Answer 9

ring of muscle around mouth to close it - sucking when drinking

Question 10

function of levator nasolabialis

Answer 10

lifts upper lip and nostril

Question 11

function of depressor labii inferioris

Answer 11

depress lower lib

Question 12

what lip muscle is absent in carnivores and what is the replacement

Answer 12

depressor labii inferioris
buccinator muscle

Question 13

function of caninus

Answer 13

retractor of upper lip and nostril

Question 14

function of zygomasticus

Answer 14

retractor of caudal commissure of the lip

Question 15

muscle of the cheeks

Answer 15

buccinator

Question 16

function of buccinator

Answer 16

group of muscles acting as one to form a diaphragm across cheek
acts in opposition to or in conjunction with tongue

Question 17

innervation of the cheek muscle

Answer 17

facial nerve
sensory supply to the skin is from the trigeminal nerve

Question 18

what are the 3 pairs of extrinsic muscles of the tongue and functions

Answer 18

genioglossus - puts tongue out
styloglossus - retracts tongue
hypoglossus - depresses and retracts tongue

Question 19

what is the external muscles of the tongue innervated by

Answer 19

hypoglossal nerve XII

Question 20

function of sternohyoid

Answer 20

pull hyoid caudally and so pulls tongue caudally runs from sternum ventrally up the neck

Question 21

innervation of sternhyoid

Answer 21

cervical nerves

Question 22

what do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do

Answer 22

change shape of tongue

Question 23

what is the intrinsic muscle of the tongue

Answer 23

propria linguae

Question 24

what is the propria linguae innervated by

Answer 24

hypoglossal nerve xII

Question 25

histology of mucosa of tongue

Answer 25

stratified squamous keratinised epithelium

Question 26

what are the jaw opening and closing muscles

Answer 26

temporalis masseter pterygoids digastricus

Question 27

where does the temporalis arise from and insert

Answer 27

large part of lateral cranium and inserts on coronoid process of the mandible

Question 28

function of temporalis

Answer 28

moves jaw upward - jaw closing muscle

Question 29

what is the temporalis innervated by

Answer 29

mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

Question 30

where does the masseter arise and insert

Answer 30

lies lateral to mandible and ventral to zygomatic arch inserts on causal mandible

Question 31

function and insertion of the masseter

Answer 31

moves jaw upward - jaw closing muscle mandibular trigeminal

Question 32

where does the pterygoids arise and insert

Answer 32

mesoderm of pharyngeal arch 1 and lies medial to mandible and runs from the pterygopalatine region to insert on medial aspect of mandible

Question 33

function of pterygoids

Answer 33

draws mandible upwards, medial and forward

Question 34

what is the pterygoids innervated by

Answer 34

mandibular branch - trigeminal nerve

Question 35

origin of digastricus

Answer 35

dual origin with first and second pharyngeal arches

Question 36

innervation of digastricus

Answer 36

rostral = trigeminal caudal = facial

Question 37

function of digastricus

Answer 37

jaw opening muscle

Question 38

horse version of digastricus

Answer 38

occipitomandibularis

Question 39

function of saliva

Answer 39

lubricates and cleanses mouth aids mastication and swallowing

Question 40

what are the small salivary glands

Answer 40

labial buccal lingual pharyngeal oesophageal

Question 41

function of small salivary glands

Answer 41

produces a mucous secretion that acts locally to keep their area of oral cavity moist

Question 42

what are the large salivary glands and what do they produce

Answer 42

parotid - serous mandibular - mixed sublingual - mixed zygomatic (carnivores) or buccal (herbivores) - mixed

Question 43

composition of saliva

Answer 43

amylase bicarbonate sodium chloride that acts as buffers to fatty acids

Question 44

nerve supply of the salivary glands

Answer 44

sympathetic = cranial cervical ganglion parasympathetic = from salivatory nuclei in the brainstem then via facial or glossopharyngeal nerves then trigeminal nerve