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head > food prehension, mastication and salivation > Flashcards

food prehension, mastication and salivation Flashcards

1
Q

what is mastication

A

tearing, grinding and chewing of food

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2
Q

principle organs of food prehension

A

lips, cheek, teeth and tongue

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3
Q

what makes up the masticatory apparatus

A

teeth, temporomandibular, symphysial joints and masticatory muscles.

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4
Q

what is the temporomandibular joint

A

2 condyles that sit in 2 concave surfaces between the temporal bones of the skull - one on each side

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5
Q

what is thickened to form the mandibular ligament

A

joint capsule

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6
Q

what is the symphysial joint

A

unites 2 halves of the mandible at the rostral end which allows small changes in the angulation of the lower to aid food prehension

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7
Q

what are the muscles of the lips (labium)

A

oribucalaris oris
levator nasolabialis
depressor labii inferioris
caninus
zygomasticus

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8
Q

what are all the muscles of the lips innervated by

A

facial nerve
sensory supplied by trigeminal
upper lip is maxillary division
lower lip is mandibular division

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9
Q

function of oribicularis oris

A

ring of muscle around mouth to close it - sucking when drinking

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10
Q

function of levator nasolabialis

A

lifts upper lip and nostril

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11
Q

function of depressor labii inferioris

A

depress lower lib

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12
Q

what lip muscle is absent in carnivores and what is the replacement

A

depressor labii inferioris
buccinator muscle

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13
Q

function of caninus

A

retractor of upper lip and nostril

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14
Q

function of zygomasticus

A

retractor of caudal commissure of the lip

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15
Q

muscle of the cheeks

A

buccinator

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16
Q

function of buccinator

A

group of muscles acting as one to form a diaphragm across cheek
acts in opposition to or in conjunction with tongue

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17
Q

innervation of the cheek muscle

A

facial nerve
sensory supply to the skin is from the trigeminal nerve

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18
Q

what are the 3 pairs of extrinsic muscles of the tongue and functions

A

genioglossus - puts tongue out
styloglossus - retracts tongue
hypoglossus - depresses and retracts tongue

19
Q

what is the external muscles of the tongue innervated by

A

hypoglossal nerve XII

20
Q

function of sternohyoid

A

pull hyoid caudally and so pulls tongue caudally runs from sternum ventrally up the neck

21
Q

innervation of sternhyoid

A

cervical nerves

22
Q

what do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do

A

change shape of tongue

23
Q

what is the intrinsic muscle of the tongue

A

propria linguae

24
Q

what is the propria linguae innervated by

A

hypoglossal nerve xII

25
Q

histology of mucosa of tongue

A

stratified squamous keratinised epithelium

26
Q

what are the jaw opening and closing muscles

A

temporalis
masseter
pterygoids
digastricus

27
Q

where does the temporalis arise from and insert

A

large part of lateral cranium and inserts on coronoid process of the mandible

28
Q

function of temporalis

A

moves jaw upward - jaw closing muscle

29
Q

what is the temporalis innervated by

A

mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

30
Q

where does the masseter arise and insert

A

lies lateral to mandible and ventral to zygomatic arch
inserts on causal mandible

31
Q

function and insertion of the masseter

A

moves jaw upward - jaw closing muscle
mandibular trigeminal

32
Q

where does the pterygoids arise and insert

A

mesoderm of pharyngeal arch 1 and lies medial to mandible and runs from the pterygopalatine region to insert on medial aspect of mandible

33
Q

function of pterygoids

A

draws mandible upwards, medial and forward

34
Q

what is the pterygoids innervated by

A

mandibular branch - trigeminal nerve

35
Q

origin of digastricus

A

dual origin with first and second pharyngeal arches

36
Q

innervation of digastricus

A

rostral = trigeminal
caudal = facial

37
Q

function of digastricus

A

jaw opening muscle

38
Q

horse version of digastricus

A

occipitomandibularis

39
Q

function of saliva

A

lubricates and cleanses mouth
aids mastication and swallowing

40
Q

what are the small salivary glands

A

labial
buccal
lingual
pharyngeal
oesophageal

41
Q

function of small salivary glands

A

produces a mucous secretion that acts locally to keep their area of oral cavity moist

42
Q

what are the large salivary glands and what do they produce

A

parotid - serous
mandibular - mixed
sublingual - mixed
zygomatic (carnivores) or buccal (herbivores) - mixed

43
Q

composition of saliva

A

amylase
bicarbonate
sodium chloride that acts as buffers to fatty acids

44
Q

nerve supply of the salivary glands

A

sympathetic = cranial cervical ganglion
parasympathetic = from salivatory nuclei in the brainstem then via facial or glossopharyngeal nerves then trigeminal nerve

head (10 decks)

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