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hyoid, larynx and swallowing Flashcards

1
Q

what does the hyoid apparatus articulate with dorsally

A

petrous temporal bone caudal to tympanic bulla

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2
Q

what does the hyoid apparatus do

A

suspends the tongue and larynx from the base of the skull

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3
Q

what does the hyoid apparatus articulate with ventrally

A

the larynx

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4
Q

what are the small paired bones that the hyoid apparatus consist of and what are they linked ventrally by

A

stylohyoid, epihyoid and keratohyoid linked by
unpaired body of the hyoid = basihyoid linked ventrally by the paired thyrohyoids which attach to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx

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5
Q

muscles of the hyoid apparatus

A

sternohyoideous
thyrohyoideus
mylohyiodeous
geniohyoideous

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6
Q

function of sternohyoideous and thyrohtoideus

A

draws hyoid caudally

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7
Q

innervation of the sternohyoideous and thyrohyoideus

A

cervical nerves

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8
Q

function of the mylohyoideus and the geniohyoideus

A

draws hyoid rostrally

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9
Q

innervation of the mylohyoideus

A

trigeminal

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10
Q

innervation of the geniohyoideus

A

hypoglossal

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11
Q

what is the larynx

A

cartilaginous muscular tube suspended from the skull by hyoid apparatus

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12
Q

primary role of the larynx

A

protect lower respiratory tract

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13
Q

secondary role of the larynx

A

phonation = voice production

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14
Q

what are the 3 components of the airway

A

vestibule
the glottis
ingraglottic cavity

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15
Q

what is the entrance to the vestibule called

A

laryngeal aditus

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16
Q

what is the ventral floor of opening of the vestibule called

A

epiglottis

17
Q

what is the roof of the vestibule

A

arytenoid cartilages

18
Q

what is lateral to the vestibule

A

aryepiglottic fold

19
Q

what is the actual airway called

A

rima glottidus

20
Q

what are the walls of the airway formed ventrally by

A

paired vocal cords

21
Q

what are the walls of the airway formed dorsally by

A

arytenlid cartilages

22
Q

where does the infraglottic cavity run from and to

A

from glottis to trachea

23
Q

what are the 4 main cartilages of the larynx

A

thyroid
epiglottis
arytenloid
cricoid

24
Q

what are the 3 mucosal folds of the larynx and functions

A

vestibular fold - marks caudal end of vestibule
vocal fold - vocalisation
aryepiglottic fold - forms epiglottis to arytenoid

25
Q

how many pairs of muscles are there in the larynx

A

8

26
Q

how many pairs of muscles close the glottis

A

7

27
Q

how many pairs of muscles open the glottis

A

1

28
Q

function of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis

A

abducts the arytenoids and opens the glottis

29
Q

function of the cricoarytenoideus lateralis

A

one of several muscles that close the glottis

30
Q

what are the muscles of the larynx innervated by and what is the exception

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve except the cricothyroid muscle which is innervated by the cranial laryngeal nerve

31
Q

what is responsible for the part of the afferent innervation which initiates swallowing

A

glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus

32
Q

what does the cranial nerve do during swallowing

A

afferent supply of stimuli from rostral part of larynx inducing a reflex closure of the glottis during swallowing

33
Q

efferent nerves of swallowing

A

vagus accessory complex via the pharyngeal nerve of the vagus

34
Q

what does the efferent nerves do during swallowing and what is the exception

A

supplies motor pathways to all of the pharyngeal muscles except stylopharyngeus supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve

35
Q

what is the final part of swallowing

A

conveys food bolus from oesophageal pharynx to stomach

36
Q

what happens in BAOS

A

stenotic nares
abnormal shape or position of nasal turbinates
extra long soft palate
everted laryngeal succules
narrow trachea
tracheal collapse

37
Q

what happens in the dorsal displacement of soft palate in horses

A

when long soft palate is above the epiglottis - inhaled into the larynx on inspiration causing coughing/gurgling etc affecting performance

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