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Vascular Boards > URR Signs and Symptoms of Cerebrovascular Disease > Flashcards

URR Signs and Symptoms of Cerebrovascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

most common type of stroke?

A

ischemic attack
-ICA stenosis presents highest risk of TIA/stoke

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2
Q

strongest risk factor for stroke?

A

HTN

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3
Q

mechanisms of stoke?

A

-ischemic stroke
-HTN
-dissection
-vasospasm
-intracranial hemorrhage
-embolization of atherosclerotic material
-polycythemia vera

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4
Q

thickening of blood reduces blood flow and may lead to ischemia distally

A

polycythemia vera

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5
Q

1 cause of vascular disease?

A

atherosclerosis formation

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6
Q

most common cerebrovascular site for atherosclerosis formation?

A

CCA bif
-2nd: origin of CCA

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7
Q

> 1.2 mm of atherosclerosis indicates increase in concern for what?

A

stenosis

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8
Q

modifiable risk factors for stroke?

A

-hypertension
-diabetes
-hyperlipidemia
-smoking
-inactivity
-obesity
-poor nutrition

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9
Q

non modifiable risk factors for stoke?

A

-gender: more common in males, but women die from more
-age
-fam hx

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10
Q

insufficient blood supply to brain due to stenosis?

A

brain infarction

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11
Q

difference between TIA and CVA?

A

TIA: symptoms last < 24 hours
CVA: symptoms/ damages last > 24 hours

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12
Q

rupture of intracranial vessels?

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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13
Q

hemispheric symptoms?

A

related to right and left brain with loss of functionality
-example: right brain controls left side of body -RICA stenosis -> left paresis (same for left side)

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14
Q

blood pressure in the arms should not differ more than how much?

A

20 mmHg
-or subclavian stenosis is suspected in the area with decreased pressures

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15
Q

nonspecific symptoms?

A

-bruit
-headache
-syncope
-dysarthmia
-dizziness

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16
Q

noise hear with stethoscope caused by turbulent flow

A

bruit

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17
Q

bilat bruit heard prox can indicate what?

A

ao valve stenosis

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18
Q

bruit hear during systole and diastole usually indicates what?

A

significant stenosis

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19
Q

tingling of skin?

A

paresthesia

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20
Q

weakness?

A

hemiparesis

21
Q

can understand others but cant speak

A

broca aphasia (expressive aphasia)

22
Q

cholesterol emboli that lodge in retinal artery?

A

hollenhorst plaque

23
Q

homonymous hemianopia

A

visual defect in half the eye

24
Q

temp partial with or without total monocular blindness

A

amaurosis fugax
-caused by ipsilat stenosis of the ICA and or opthalmic Artery

25
Q

ICA disease symptoms?

A

-unilat symptoms with contralat side stenosis
-paresthesia
-hemiparesis
-paralysis
-broca aphasia
-hollenhorst plaque
-homonympus hemianopia
-amaurosis fugax

26
Q

unable to understand speech, speak, or follow directions

A

Wernicke aphasia (receptive aphasia)

27
Q

MCA disease symptoms?

A

-wernicke aphasia
-dysphasia
-behavioral changes
-severe hemiparesis in contralateral face/arms

28
Q

ACA disease symptoms?

A

-loss of coordination
-incontinence
-severe leg hemiparesis or hemiplegia
-facial drooping/asymmetry

29
Q

PCA disease symptoms?

A

-dyslexia
-coma

30
Q

vertebral/basilar disease symptoms?

A

-vertigo
-fainting
-ataxia
-bilat blurred vission
-bilat homonymous hemaniopia
-bilat paresthesia
-drop attack
-dysphagia

31
Q

diplopia

A

bilat blurred vision

32
Q

homonymous hemaniopia

A

med or lat half of FOV disrupted

33
Q

lack of corrdination

A

ataxia

34
Q

trouble swallowing

A

dysphagia

35
Q

IMT

A

intimal media thickening
-normal values range .4-1.0 mm
-values normally increase with age

35
Q

more stiff or calcified vessel does what to resistance?

A

higher

35
Q

less muscle tone does what to blood flow?

A

decrease

35
Q

more branches does what to resistance?

A

decrease

35
Q

extrems, muscles, and pre prandial organs do what to blood flow resistance?

A

high

35
Q

liver, kidney, and brain blood flow have what kind of resistance?

A

low

35
Q

CCA doppler?

A

combo of ICA and ECA flow; higher resistance flow than ICA and more diastolic flow to the ECA; normal flow demonstrates PSV <125 cm/sec EDV <40 cm/sec

35
Q

doppler of ECA?

A

high resistance normal flow <150 cm/sec

35
Q

ICA doppler?

A

low resistance
PSV < 125 cm/sec EDV 40cm/sec

35
Q

temporal tap differentiates the ECA from what?

A

ICA
-press index finger against patients temple
-ICA will show no response in most patients

36
Q

the vertebral arteries originate form where ?

A

subclavian bilat

36
Q

the vertebral arteries travel through the vertebral bodies to merge inside the cranium to form the what?

A

basilar artery

36
Q

to locate the vertebral arteries find the CCA and angle where?

A

posterior

36
Q

the vertebral artery should demonstrate antegrade flow toward what?

A

the brain
-should be monophasic with mild diastolic flow

Vascular Boards (33 decks)

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