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Vascular Boards > URR Signs and Symptoms of Cerebrovascular Disease > Flashcards

URR Signs and Symptoms of Cerebrovascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

most common type of stroke?

A

ischemic attack
-ICA stenosis presents highest risk of TIA/stoke

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2
Q

strongest risk factor for stroke?

A

HTN

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3
Q

mechanisms of stoke?

A

-ischemic stroke
-HTN
-dissection
-vasospasm
-intracranial hemorrhage
-embolization of atherosclerotic material
-polycythemia vera

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4
Q

thickening of blood reduces blood flow and may lead to ischemia distally

A

polycythemia vera

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5
Q

1 cause of vascular disease?

A

atherosclerosis formation

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6
Q

most common cerebrovascular site for atherosclerosis formation?

A

CCA bif
-2nd: origin of CCA

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7
Q

> 1.2 mm of atherosclerosis indicates increase in concern for what?

A

stenosis

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8
Q

modifiable risk factors for stroke?

A

-hypertension
-diabetes
-hyperlipidemia
-smoking
-inactivity
-obesity
-poor nutrition

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9
Q

non modifiable risk factors for stoke?

A

-gender: more common in males, but women die from more
-age
-fam hx

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10
Q

insufficient blood supply to brain due to stenosis?

A

brain infarction

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11
Q

difference between TIA and CVA?

A

TIA: symptoms last < 24 hours
CVA: symptoms/ damages last > 24 hours

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12
Q

rupture of intracranial vessels?

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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13
Q

hemispheric symptoms?

A

related to right and left brain with loss of functionality
-example: right brain controls left side of body -RICA stenosis -> left paresis (same for left side)

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14
Q

blood pressure in the arms should not differ more than how much?

A

20 mmHg
-or subclavian stenosis is suspected in the area with decreased pressures

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15
Q

nonspecific symptoms?

A

-bruit
-headache
-syncope
-dysarthmia
-dizziness

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16
Q

noise hear with stethoscope caused by turbulent flow

A

bruit

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17
Q

bilat bruit heard prox can indicate what?

A

ao valve stenosis

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18
Q

bruit hear during systole and diastole usually indicates what?

A

significant stenosis

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19
Q

tingling of skin?

A

paresthesia

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20
Q

weakness?

A

hemiparesis

21
Q

can understand others but cant speak

A

broca aphasia (expressive aphasia)

22
Q

cholesterol emboli that lodge in retinal artery?

A

hollenhorst plaque

23
Q

homonymous hemianopia

A

visual defect in half the eye

24
Q

temp partial with or without total monocular blindness

A

amaurosis fugax
-caused by ipsilat stenosis of the ICA and or opthalmic Artery

25
ICA disease symptoms?
-unilat symptoms with contralat side stenosis -paresthesia -hemiparesis -paralysis -broca aphasia -hollenhorst plaque -homonympus hemianopia -amaurosis fugax
26
unable to understand speech, speak, or follow directions
Wernicke aphasia (receptive aphasia)
27
MCA disease symptoms?
-wernicke aphasia -dysphasia -behavioral changes -severe hemiparesis in contralateral face/arms
28
ACA disease symptoms?
-loss of coordination -incontinence -severe leg hemiparesis or hemiplegia -facial drooping/asymmetry
29
PCA disease symptoms?
-dyslexia -coma
30
vertebral/basilar disease symptoms?
-vertigo -fainting -ataxia -bilat blurred vission -bilat homonymous hemaniopia -bilat paresthesia -drop attack -dysphagia
31
diplopia
bilat blurred vision
32
homonymous hemaniopia
med or lat half of FOV disrupted
33
lack of corrdination
ataxia
34
trouble swallowing
dysphagia
35
IMT
intimal media thickening -normal values range .4-1.0 mm -values normally increase with age
35
more stiff or calcified vessel does what to resistance?
higher
35
less muscle tone does what to blood flow?
decrease
35
more branches does what to resistance?
decrease
35
extrems, muscles, and pre prandial organs do what to blood flow resistance?
high
35
liver, kidney, and brain blood flow have what kind of resistance?
low
35
CCA doppler?
combo of ICA and ECA flow; higher resistance flow than ICA and more diastolic flow to the ECA; normal flow demonstrates PSV <125 cm/sec EDV <40 cm/sec
35
doppler of ECA?
high resistance normal flow <150 cm/sec
35
ICA doppler?
low resistance PSV < 125 cm/sec EDV 40cm/sec
35
temporal tap differentiates the ECA from what?
ICA -press index finger against patients temple -ICA will show no response in most patients
36
the vertebral arteries originate form where ?
subclavian bilat
36
the vertebral arteries travel through the vertebral bodies to merge inside the cranium to form the what?
basilar artery
36
to locate the vertebral arteries find the CCA and angle where?
posterior
36
the vertebral artery should demonstrate antegrade flow toward what?
the brain -should be monophasic with mild diastolic flow

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