URR Hemodynamics

Question 1

What is the cycle of Systemic Circulation in the body ?

Answer 1

lt vent -> Ao -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules -> veins -> IVC/SVC -> rt atrium

Question 2

What is the cycle of Pulmonary Circulation in the body?

Answer 2

rt vent -> pulmonary A -> lungs -> pulmonary veins -> lt atrium

Question 3

oxygen saturation is highest where in the heart?

Answer 3

pulmonary vein

Question 4

oxygen saturation is lowest where in the heart?

Answer 4

IVC/SVC

Question 5

what are the only arteries to carry deoxygenated blood?

Answer 5

pulmonary artery

Question 6

what veins are the only veins to carry oxygenated blood?

Answer 6

pulmonary veins

Question 7

what happens during systole in the cardiac pump?

Answer 7

(contraction) lt vent pressures increase rapidly to exceed aortic pressure and push bolus of blood into the arteries

Question 8

what happens during diastole in the cardiac pump?

Answer 8

(relaxation) lt vent pressures decrease rapidly and lt vent refills with blood from the lt atrium

Question 9

the normal heart rate is?

Answer 9

60-100 bpm

Question 10

what is bradycardia?

Answer 10

< 60 bpm

Question 11

what is tachycardia?

Answer 11

> 100 bpm

Question 12

the heart pumps an average of how much blood into the Aorta with each contraction?

Answer 12

70ml

Question 13

systemic pressure is greatest at the what?

Answer 13

heart

Question 14

arterioles are responsible for what?

Answer 14

regulating resistance in the tissues

Question 15

capillaries are responsible for what?

Answer 15

perfusion of the surrounding tissues and the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the blood and tissues

Question 16

what is kinetic energy?

Answer 16

energy of motion

Question 17

what is potential energy?

Answer 17

stored energy of motion

Question 18

what is gravitational energy?

Answer 18

stored energy related to elevated position

Question 19

kinetic energy is reduced in blood vessels due to what 3 factors?

Answer 19

-viscosity
-friction
-inertia

Question 20

what is viscosity?

Answer 20

thicker blood moves slower

Question 21

what is friction?

Answer 21

layers of blood sliding against each other, energy lost in form of heat

Question 22

what is inertia?

Answer 22

energy lost when speed of blood changes

Question 23

name at least 4 factors affecting blood flow?

Answer 23

-cardiac function
-peripheral resistance
-vessel compliance
-tone of vasc muscle
-vasoconstriction
-vasodilation
-viscosity
-exercise
-autoregulation

Question 24

what is resistance?

Answer 24

determines the rate of flow in the arteries

Question 25

what is resistance regulated by?

Answer 25

arterioles

Question 26

if you increase viscosity, what happens to resistance?

Answer 26

increases

Question 27

if you increase vessel length, what happens to resistance?

Answer 27

increases

Question 28

if you increase the vessel radius, what happens to resistance?

Answer 28

decreases

Question 29

if you increase resistance, what happens to blood flow?

Answer 29

decreases

Question 30

if resistance increases, what happens to pressure?

Answer 30

decreases

Question 31

what happens to resistance prox to a stenosis?

Answer 31

increases

Question 32

what happens to resistance distal to a stenosis?

Answer 32

decreases

Question 33

what is the equation for resistance?

Answer 33

8nL/ pie(r)^4 n= blood viscosity L=length of a blood vessel r=radius

Question 34

what is the Poiseuilles Equation for?

Answer 34

-demonstrates relationship between flow volume and resistance -used to describe how much fluid (blood) moves through an artery

Question 35

in poiseulles equation, small changes in vessel radius cause the most significant changes in what?

Answer 35

flow -vessel length and viscosity area constant, increase in either one will cause increase in resistance

Question 36

equations for flow volume?

Answer 36

(Q) = (P1-P2) pie(r)^4/ 8nL P= pressure n= blood viscosity L=length r= radius or (Q) = (P1-P2)/R P=pressure R= resistance

Question 37

what is the bernoulli effect?

Answer 37

-when fluid flows at a constant velocity from 1 point to another, energy remains constant -if pressure changes, velocity changes

Question 38

what is the equation for bernoulli effect?

Answer 38

triangle(Pressure)=4V^2

Question 39

pressure is highest in which part of the heart?

Answer 39

lt vent -increase in systole, decrease in diastole

Question 40

flow volume is always proportional to what?

Answer 40

pressure -increase volume = increase BP