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Vascular Boards > URR Hemodynamics > Flashcards

URR Hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cycle of Systemic Circulation in the body ?

A

lt vent -> Ao -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules -> veins -> IVC/SVC -> rt atrium

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2
Q

What is the cycle of Pulmonary Circulation in the body?

A

rt vent -> pulmonary A -> lungs -> pulmonary veins -> lt atrium

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3
Q

oxygen saturation is highest where in the heart?

A

pulmonary vein

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4
Q

oxygen saturation is lowest where in the heart?

A

IVC/SVC

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5
Q

what are the only arteries to carry deoxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary artery

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6
Q

what veins are the only veins to carry oxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary veins

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7
Q

what happens during systole in the cardiac pump?

A

(contraction) lt vent pressures increase rapidly to exceed aortic pressure and push bolus of blood into the arteries

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8
Q

what happens during diastole in the cardiac pump?

A

(relaxation) lt vent pressures decrease rapidly and lt vent refills with blood from the lt atrium

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9
Q

the normal heart rate is?

A

60-100 bpm

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10
Q

what is bradycardia?

A

< 60 bpm

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11
Q

what is tachycardia?

A

> 100 bpm

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12
Q

the heart pumps an average of how much blood into the Aorta with each contraction?

A

70ml

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13
Q

systemic pressure is greatest at the what?

A

heart

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14
Q

arterioles are responsible for what?

A

regulating resistance in the tissues

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15
Q

capillaries are responsible for what?

A

perfusion of the surrounding tissues and the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the blood and tissues

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16
Q

what is kinetic energy?

A

energy of motion

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17
Q

what is potential energy?

A

stored energy of motion

18
Q

what is gravitational energy?

A

stored energy related to elevated position

19
Q

kinetic energy is reduced in blood vessels due to what 3 factors?

A

-viscosity
-friction
-inertia

20
Q

what is viscosity?

A

thicker blood moves slower

21
Q

what is friction?

A

layers of blood sliding against each other, energy lost in form of heat

22
Q

what is inertia?

A

energy lost when speed of blood changes

23
Q

name at least 4 factors affecting blood flow?

A

-cardiac function
-peripheral resistance
-vessel compliance
-tone of vasc muscle
-vasoconstriction
-vasodilation
-viscosity
-exercise
-autoregulation

24
Q

what is resistance?

A

determines the rate of flow in the arteries

25
Q

what is resistance regulated by?

A

arterioles

26
Q

if you increase viscosity, what happens to resistance?

A

increases

27
Q

if you increase vessel length, what happens to resistance?

A

increases

28
Q

if you increase the vessel radius, what happens to resistance?

A

decreases

29
Q

if you increase resistance, what happens to blood flow?

A

decreases

30
Q

if resistance increases, what happens to pressure?

A

decreases

31
Q

what happens to resistance prox to a stenosis?

A

increases

32
Q

what happens to resistance distal to a stenosis?

A

decreases

33
Q

what is the equation for resistance?

A

8nL/ pie(r)^4

n= blood viscosity
L=length of a blood vessel
r=radius

34
Q

what is the Poiseuilles Equation for?

A

-demonstrates relationship between flow volume and resistance
-used to describe how much fluid (blood) moves through an artery

35
Q

in poiseulles equation, small changes in vessel radius cause the most significant changes in what?

A

flow
-vessel length and viscosity area constant, increase in either one will cause increase in resistance

36
Q

equations for flow volume?

A

(Q) = (P1-P2) pie(r)^4/ 8nL
P= pressure
n= blood viscosity
L=length
r= radius
or
(Q) = (P1-P2)/R
P=pressure
R= resistance

37
Q

what is the bernoulli effect?

A

-when fluid flows at a constant velocity from 1 point to another, energy remains constant
-if pressure changes, velocity changes

38
Q

what is the equation for bernoulli effect?

A

triangle(Pressure)=4V^2

39
Q

pressure is highest in which part of the heart?

A

lt vent
-increase in systole, decrease in diastole

40
Q

flow volume is always proportional to what?

A

pressure
-increase volume = increase BP

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