Urology

Question 1

90% of bladder cancners, more common in males. benign and malignant types. benign presents with painless haematuria and frond like growths.
assocaited with exposure to aromatic amines and smoking

Answer 1

urothelial cell (transitional cell) tumours

Question 2

frequent carcinoma in countries with endemic schistosomiasis

Answer 2

squamous cell carcinoma of bladder

Question 3

rare from of urological cancer arising from urachal remnants/intestinal metaplasia

Answer 3

adenocarcinoma of bladder

Question 4

symptomatic disease caused by testosterone mediated hyperplasia. leads to symptoms such as retention, difficulty urinating, recurrent UTI and even renal failure.

Answer 4

BPH

Question 5

Rx of BPH

Answer 5

TURP
5a-reductase inhibitors
a-blockers (doxazosin)

Question 6

Gleeson system used to stage this ca. indolent growing tumour which arises in the peripery of the gland. diagnosis is with needle biopsy.

Answer 6

Prostate adenocarcinoma

Question 7

common pathogen in acute bacterial prostatits

Answer 7

e.coli, gram -ve rods

Question 8

chronic bacterial prostatitis risk factor

Answer 8

chronic hx of recurrent uti

Question 9

most prominent RF of testicular ca

Answer 9

undescended testes

Question 10

precursor lesion in testicular tumour

Answer 10

itratubular germ cell neoplasia

Question 11

testicular ca with 98% 5 year survival and high sensitivity to platinum based chemo

Answer 11

germ cell ca1

Question 12

most common type of germinal ca with peak age of 30yo

Answer 12

seminoma

Question 13

can occur at any age from infancy to adulthood, but regarded as malginant if found in post-pubertal males. a form of germ cell testicular ca

Answer 13

teratoma

Question 14

two types of sex cord stromal testicular tumours

Answer 14

leydig

sertoli

Question 15

how do sex cord stromal ca present

Answer 15

painless testicular lump
10% = mets
lymphoma aggressive tumours