Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histopath > Pancreas > Flashcards

Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

where in the pancreas is the CTFR gene expressed

A

intralobular duct epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cells in this region of the pancreas are involved in endocrine functions. secrete SS, insulin an glucagon. small cells, vast numbers. secreted into bloodstream.

A

islets of langerhans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

exocrine region of the pancreas involved in production of digestive enzymes.
enzymes are formed as proenzymes in granules - secreted into ducts.

A

pancreatic acinar cells - large ducts and acini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

acute inflammation caused by aberrant release of proteolytic enzymes, histology shows increased infiltration by neutrophil polymorphs.

A

Acute pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

main cause of acute pancreatitis

A

gallstones (50%)
alcohol (30%)
idiopathic (15%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

I GET SMASHED

A 
idiopathic
gallstones
ethanol
trauma
steroids
mumps 
autoimmune
scorpion
hyperlipidaemia
ercp
drugs - thiazides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

acute pancreatitis with periductal pattern of injury, necrosis of acini near ducts.

A

ductal obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

perilobular pattern of injury with acute panceatitis

A

decreased blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

panlobular pattern of pancreatic injury in acute panc

A

ductal obstruction and decreased blood supply can both cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

damage caused by lipase release during acute pancreatitis

A

fat necrosis - calcium ions bind fatty acids and form yellow white foci on pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

damage caused by elastases in acute panc

A

blood vessel damage and haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

macroscopic Histology of acute panceratitis

A

macroscopic: can range from mild stromal oedeoma to severe haemorrhagic necrosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how does alcohol cause AP

A

spasm of sphincter of Oddi causes formation of protein-rich fluid which obstructs the pancreatic duct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

localised complications of AP

A

pseudocyst formation
these are cysts without epithelium which are liable to become infected, causing abcess, shock and hypocalcaemia.
Abcesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

systemic complications of acute pancreatitis

A

shock, hypocalcaemia, hypoglycaemia, death. mortality 50% with severe haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sensitive marker for AP

A

lipase

amylase only transiently raised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

presentation of acute pancreatitis

A

severe epigastric pain, radiates to the back, relieved by sitting forward. lots of vomiting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

causes of chronic pancreatitis

A

alcoholism, CF, heredita1. metabolic/toxic - alcohol (80%), haemochromatosis

  1. duct obstruction - gallstones, CF, anatomical
  2. idiopathic/autimmune
19
Q

marker for autoimmune pacreatitis (chronic)

A

IgG4+ sclerosing disease. characterised by a large number of IgG4+ plasma cells

20
Q

Histology of chronic pancreatitis - macroscopic and microscopic

A

macroscopic - pale, scarred, fibrotic. parenchymal loss. may see calcification on Xray
microscopic: dilated ducts with calcified stones in them

21
Q

Late stage histological changes in chronic pancreatitis

A
  • loss of langerhans cells

calcification of body of pancreas

22
Q

bronzed diabetes

A

caused by haemochromatisis - iron overload

23
Q

most common form of pancreatic cancer

A

ductal (adeno)carcinoma (85%)

24
Q

risk factors for ductal adenocarcinoma of pancreas

A

smoking, high BMI, chronic pancreatitis, diabetes.

coffee is protective against fibrosis

25
Q

presentation of ductal adenoca

A

oftne present late as needs to get large before sx occur
FLAWS
cachexia especially
upper abdo and back pain - chronic persistent and severe
painless jaundice, pruritis and steatorrhoea

26
Q

complications of ductal adenoca

A
  1. chronic pancreatitis

2. venous thrombosis - secretion of mucin can trigger coag cascade and lead to a migratory thrombophlebitis

27
Q

macroscopic histology of ductal adenoca

A

grey, gritty, invasion into other retroperitoneal structures

NB - head of panc ca present earlier due to block of CBD

28
Q

microscopic histology of ducta adenoca

A

mucin secreting glands in desmoplastic (fibrotic) storma

29
Q

Rarer pancreatic cance,r seen in older adults, often presents with enzyme production by neoplastic cells. non specific sx, abdo pain wt loss and D/V. can get fat necrosis or polyarthralgia.

A

Acinar cell carcinoma

30
Q

histology of acinar cell carcinoma

A

neoplastic epithelial cells
eosinophilic granular cytoplasm
positve immunoreactivity for: lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin

31
Q

main sites of ductal adenoca

A 
head (60%
body
tail
diffuse
NB - opposite for neuroendocrine
32
Q

serous cystadenoma and mucinous cystic neoplasms are what form of pancreatic tumour

A 
cystic neoplasms of the glandular tissue
mucinous = Multilocular
serous = Single locular
often contain mucin/serous-secreting epithelium
often benign
NB - locular means CYST
33
Q

what is chromogranin

A

a neuroendocrine marker that you can look for in tissue/blood to determine if an endocrine neoplasm exists

34
Q

which genetic condition are endocrine neoplasms of the pancreas associated with

A

MEN-1

35
Q

tumours derived from B-pancreatic cells that secrete insulin, causing hypoglycaemia

A

Insulinoma

36
Q

most common site of insulinoma

A

tail

37
Q

GALLSTONES - risk factors

A

female, forty, fat, fertile. western populations, native americans, hereditary, drugs - OCP, rapid weight loss

38
Q

two types of gallstone

A

cholesterol - often radiolucent. singular

pigment - contain Ca and unconj bili - occur in sickle etc. multiple, radio-opaque

39
Q

Rokitansky Aschkoff sinuses

A

chronic cholecystitis - diverticuli form on bile ducts

40
Q

commonest cause of gallbladder ca (adenocarcinoma)(

A

gallstones (90%)

41
Q

Zollinger-Ellison sydrome

A

Gastrinoma causing high acid output, recurrent ulceration

42
Q

MEN-1

A

PPP
parathyroid
pancreatic endocrine tumor (phaeo)
pit adenoma

43
Q

MEN-2a

A

parathyroid, thyroid and phaeo

44
Q

MEN-2b

A

neuroma, medullary thyroid, phaeo. marfanoid

Histopath (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions