Gynae

Question 1

macroscopic appearance shows red-blue brown nodules and cysts filled with a dark, coagulous brown susbstance.

Answer 1

endometriosis

‘powder burn’ markings and chocolate cysts

Question 2

sharply circumbscribed, discrete, firm gray-white tumours. associated with menorrhagia.
micrscopically show bundles of smooth muscle cells.

Answer 2

fibroids (leiomyoma)

Question 3

severe abdo pain in pregnancy with a hx of fibroids

Answer 3

red degen

Question 4

80% of endometrial cancers, related to E2 excess. mainly adenocarcinomas, histologically look similar to normal endometrium.

Answer 4

Type 1 [endometroid] cancers

Question 5

include papillary, serous and clear cell carcinoma. unrelated to estrogen excess, common in eldery women with endometrial atrophy.

Answer 5

Type 2 [Non-endometroid] carcinoma

Question 6

staging system used in gynae ca

Answer 6

FIGO

Question 7

normal vulval histology

Answer 7

squamous epithelium

Question 8

pre-cancerous dysplasia of vulval epitelium

Answer 8

VIN

Question 9

what pathogen is associated with VIN

Answer 9

HPV-16

Question 10

dysplasia of vulva epithelium occuring in women aged 35-55. lower risk of malignant change, associated with warty/basaloid SCC. 3 types.

Answer 10

Usual-type VIN

• warty
• basaloid
• mixed

Question 11

dysplasia of vulval epithelium occuring in older women and associated with a higher risk of malignant change. associated with keratnizing SCC.

Answer 11

differentiated=type VIN

Question 12

vulval cell carcinoma aetiology

Answer 12

1. VIN

2. skin abnomalities of the vulva - i.e pagets

Question 13

most common form of ovarian cancer arising from the epithelial cells. has columnar epithelium (mimics tubal epithleium). affects women aged 30-40
associated with Psammoma bodies

Answer 13

serous cystadenoma/adenocarcinoma

Question 14

mucin secreting carcinoma arising from epithelial cell origins. can be endocervical or intestinal type. associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei. affects younger women

Answer 14

mucinous cystadenoma/adenocarcinoma

Question 15

epitheliail carcinoma that mimics endometrium snf forms tubular glands.
endometriosis is a risk factors

Answer 15

endometroid carcinoma

Question 16

epithelial carcinoma with abundant clear cytoplasm
hobnail appearance
poor prognosis

Answer 16

clear cell carcinoma

Question 17

most common ovarian malignancy in young women, arises from germ cells. sensitive to chemo

Answer 17

dysgerminoma

Question 18

germ cell tumours that can be benign (cystic) or malginant (solid). secrete AFP. contain immature embryonal tissue

Answer 18

teratoma

Question 19

germ cell cancer that secretes hcG and is very malignant

Answer 19

choriocarcinoma

Question 20

ovarian tumour arising from the stroma, produces no hormones. 50% associated with ascites and pleural effusion

Answer 20

Fibroma

Meigs syndrome = fibroma + ascites + pleural effusion

Question 21

ovarian tumour arising from the theca cells,. produce E2. causes estrogenic effects such as IMB, breast enlargement and even breast/ovarian cancer.

Answer 21

granulosa-theca cell tumour

Question 22

ovarian tumour that causes defeminisation, breast atrophy, virilisation, hirsutism and deepened voice.

Answer 22

sertoli-leydig

secrete T

Question 23

in cervical dysplasia, grades of dyskaryosis describe results obtained from…

Answer 23

cytology

mild mod severe

Question 24

in cervical dysplasia, grades or CIN describe results obtained from

Answer 24

histology
1-3
invasive ca

Question 25

% of CIN1 tht reverts back to normal over 1-2 years

Answer 25

60-90%

Question 26

most common form of cervical carcinoma

Answer 26

squamous cell (70-80%)
2nd = adenocarcinoma