Gynae Flashcards
macroscopic appearance shows red-blue brown nodules and cysts filled with a dark, coagulous brown susbstance.
endometriosis
‘powder burn’ markings and chocolate cysts
sharply circumbscribed, discrete, firm gray-white tumours. associated with menorrhagia.
micrscopically show bundles of smooth muscle cells.
fibroids (leiomyoma)
severe abdo pain in pregnancy with a hx of fibroids
red degen
80% of endometrial cancers, related to E2 excess. mainly adenocarcinomas, histologically look similar to normal endometrium.
Type 1 [endometroid] cancers
include papillary, serous and clear cell carcinoma. unrelated to estrogen excess, common in eldery women with endometrial atrophy.
Type 2 [Non-endometroid] carcinoma
staging system used in gynae ca
FIGO
normal vulval histology
squamous epithelium
pre-cancerous dysplasia of vulval epitelium
VIN
what pathogen is associated with VIN
HPV-16
dysplasia of vulva epithelium occuring in women aged 35-55. lower risk of malignant change, associated with warty/basaloid SCC. 3 types.
Usual-type VIN
- warty
- basaloid
- mixed
dysplasia of vulval epithelium occuring in older women and associated with a higher risk of malignant change. associated with keratnizing SCC.
differentiated=type VIN
vulval cell carcinoma aetiology
- VIN
2. skin abnomalities of the vulva - i.e pagets
most common form of ovarian cancer arising from the epithelial cells. has columnar epithelium (mimics tubal epithleium). affects women aged 30-40
associated with Psammoma bodies
serous cystadenoma/adenocarcinoma
mucin secreting carcinoma arising from epithelial cell origins. can be endocervical or intestinal type. associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei. affects younger women
mucinous cystadenoma/adenocarcinoma
epitheliail carcinoma that mimics endometrium snf forms tubular glands.
endometriosis is a risk factors
endometroid carcinoma
epithelial carcinoma with abundant clear cytoplasm
hobnail appearance
poor prognosis
clear cell carcinoma
most common ovarian malignancy in young women, arises from germ cells. sensitive to chemo
dysgerminoma
germ cell tumours that can be benign (cystic) or malginant (solid). secrete AFP. contain immature embryonal tissue
teratoma
germ cell cancer that secretes hcG and is very malignant
choriocarcinoma
ovarian tumour arising from the stroma, produces no hormones. 50% associated with ascites and pleural effusion
Fibroma
Meigs syndrome = fibroma + ascites + pleural effusion
ovarian tumour arising from the theca cells,. produce E2. causes estrogenic effects such as IMB, breast enlargement and even breast/ovarian cancer.
granulosa-theca cell tumour
ovarian tumour that causes defeminisation, breast atrophy, virilisation, hirsutism and deepened voice.
sertoli-leydig
secrete T
in cervical dysplasia, grades of dyskaryosis describe results obtained from…
cytology
mild mod severe
in cervical dysplasia, grades or CIN describe results obtained from
histology
1-3
invasive ca
% of CIN1 tht reverts back to normal over 1-2 years
60-90%
most common form of cervical carcinoma
squamous cell (70-80%) 2nd = adenocarcinoma
