Urology

Question 1

Renal calculi:

Is

Answer 1

Urine dip
MSU
KUB XR - calcification 
IVU/spiral CT - obstruction 
USS - hydronephrosis

Question 2

Renal calculi:

Tx

Answer 2

Dicolfenac
Fluids
Abx
Medical expulsive therapy - nifedipine, tamulosin, prednisone 
Lithotripsy

Question 3

BPH:

features

Answer 3

Enlargement of transitional zone

Nocturia
Frequency
Post micturition dribbling
Poor stream
Hesitancy 
Overflow incontinence
Haematuria
Bladder stones 
UTI

Question 4

BPH:

Tx

Answer 4

Conservative - avoid caffeine, alcohol, bladder retraining
Drug - tamulosin, finestaride
TURP (SE impotence)/TUIP/TULIP

Question 5

Renal calculi:

Signs&Symptoms

Answer 5

Colic - excruciating loin to groin in spasms
Nausea, vom
Can't lie still 
UTI
Haematuria
Proteinuria
Sterile pyuria
Anuria
Renal angle tenderness

Question 6

Epididymal cyst

Answer 6

Separate from testis
Lie above and behind
Clear or milky (spermatocele) fluid
Remove if symptomatic

Question 7

Hydrocele

Answer 7

Not separate
Fluid in tunica vaginalis
Primary from parent TV - larger and in younger patients
secondary is from trauma, infection, tumor
Can resolve spontaneously or aspirate or surgery

Question 8

Epididymal-orchitis:

Presentation and causes

Answer 8

Separate
Chlamydia, E. coli, mumps, gonorrhea
Sudden onset tender swelling, dysuria, sweats/fever

Question 9

Epididymo-orchitis:

Ix and Tx

Answer 9

First urine catch
Look for urethral discharge 
STI screen 
Possible infertility, gets worse before improving 
Analgesia and ABx

Question 10

Varicocele

Answer 10

Separate
Dilated veins
Bag of worms
Dull ache
Sub fertility
Surgery for repair but doesn't help fertility

Question 11

Haematocele

Answer 11

Not separate
Blood in tunica vaginalis post trauma
Needs draining