Orthopaedics

Question 1

Rotator cuff tear

Answer 1

Tear of Supraspinatous tendon (/sub/infraspinatous)
From degeneration or fall, trauma
Weakness+pain
Painful arc (partial tear) or limited shoulder abduction (complete tear)
USS/MRI
only need surgery if complete tear

Question 2

Painful arc syndromes

Answer 2

Impingement
Rotator cuff
Calcifying tendinopathy
Acromioclavicular joint OA

Question 3

Impingement syndrome

Answer 3

Partial rupture of Supraspinatous
Tendon catches under acromion during abduction
Tx: physio, pain relief, steroid injection

Question 4

Calcifying tendinopathy

Answer 4

Acute calcification, causing acute inflammation of Supraspinatous
Physio, NSAIDs, steroids

Question 5

Frozen shoulder

Answer 5

Severe pain, worse at night
Active+passive movement reduced (abduction+-external rotation)
NSAIDs, steroid, physio

Question 6

Lateral epicondylitis

Answer 6

Common extensor tendon
Worse when pronated fingers flexed
Physio steroid
Surgery

Question 7

Olecranon bursitis

Answer 7

Following pressure on elbows
Pain and swelling behind olecranon
Steroid injection
Drain 
ABx if infected

Question 8

Cervical spondylolisthesis

Answer 8

One vertebra slips cowards on one underneath

From fusion failure, damage to transverse ligament or instability after injury