urology Flashcards
clean catch specimen
pt has cleaned the vaginal/penile openings to remove anything that can contaminate the urine sample
tests that evaluate renal function
- blood tests
- urea
- nitrogen (BUN)
- creatinine
- uric acid
- blood protein levels
oliguria
scanty (few) urination
urgency
immediate need to urinate
incontinence
inability to retain urine (involuntary urination)
dysuria
difficult/painful urination
post-void residual (PVR) urine test
measures amount of urine left in the bladder after urination
straight catheters
used to obtain a single specimen + discarder
foley catheters
have a ballon that inflates to keep catheter in place for a long period of time (ex. 24-hr collection)
cystoscopy
- inspect interior or urethra/bladder
- insert a thin scope w/ light into the urethra/bladder
- visualizes tumors/stones/infections/bleeding
hernia
protrusion of a body part through a surrounding area into body cavity
normal value for pH in urine
4.5 to 8
normal value for specific gravity in urine
1.005 to 1.030
normal value for urobilinogen in urine
0.1 to 1
all other values in laboratory tests for urine should be ____
negative
chain of custody
proper procedure to handle nonblood specimens + ensures that tampering did not occur
(ex. requires signature of everyone who was in contact with specimen)
why does testing for bilirubin require special handling?
requires a dark container to protect specimen from light (affects accuracy of testing)
