cardiovascular system Flashcards
4 chambers of the heart
R atrium + R ventricle
L atrium + L ventricle
layers of the heart wall
pericardium -> epicardium (visceral) ->
myocardium ->
endocardium (electrical conduction)
pericardial membranes
outer layer: fibrous
inner layer: serous (parietal + visceral layers)
where does the R atrium receive blood from
systemic blood (to get oxygenated in the lungs)
role of the R ventricle
pump blood from body into lungs through pulmonary artery for oxygenation
where does L atrium receive blood from
from the lungs to get sent into the body
role of the L ventricle
pump blood into the body through pulmonary aorta
tricuspid valve
valve between R atria + R ventricle
bicuspid (mitral) valve
valve between L atria + L ventricle
pulmonary valve
valve between R ventricle + pulmonary artery (where blood enters lungs)
aortic valve
between L ventricle + aorta (where blood enters body)
large superior + inferior vena cava
receives deoxygenated blood from veins in the body that will get pumped through pulmonary trunk
pulmonary arteries
carries blood to the lungs to unload CO2 + picks up O2
pulmonary veins
4 veins where oxygenated blood enters from lungs into L side of heart
aorta
where blood is pumped out of into systemic arteries that supply body tissues
where do arteries carry blood
AWAY from the heart
(arterioles = smallest arteries)
where do veins carry blood
TOWARDS the heart
capillaries
smallest blood vessels that venules collect blood from (where blood + interstitial fluid is exchanged)
conducting cells
carry electric signals
cardiac muscle cells
control the heart’s contractions
pathway of conduction cycle
- SA node
- atrial myocardium (depolarization)
- AV node (contraction)
- AV bundle
- R + L bundle branches
- Purkinje fibers (blood leaves heart)
systole
heart contraction
diastole
heart relaxation
first heart sound
“lub” sound caused by closing of the AV valves (end of atrial systole)
second heart sound
“dub” when semilunar valves close (end of ventricular systole)
hematocrit
proportion of RBCS to non-RBCs
hemoglobin
protein that contains iron + carries O2/CO2
types of WBCs
- neutrophils
- lymphocytes
- monocytes
- basophils
- eosinophils
thrombocytes (platelets)
found in bone marrow + stop clots/bleeding
systemic circulation
transport oxygenated blood from heart -> body systems
coronary circulation
transport blood to heart muscle (myocardium) for heart function
pulmonary circulation
transport deoxygenated blood from heart -> lungs to retrieve O2
