microbiology Flashcards
1
Q
bacteria
A
- single celled
- lacks nucleus + most organelles
- ex. cocci/bacilli/spirilla
- anaerobic/aerobic/facultative anaerobes (optional O2)
2
Q
viruses
A
- can be DNA or RNA surrounded by protein
- only reproduces within living cells (obligate intracellular parasites)
- ex. ebola
3
Q
fungi
A
- spore-producing
- yeast: single cell + globular
- molds: multicellular + filamentous/fuzzy
- ex. candida
4
Q
protozoa
A
- single cell + animal-like
- amebas/ciliates/flagellates
5
Q
parasitic worms
A
- roundworms (ex. pinworms, hookworms)
- flatworms
- ribbon/leaf shaped (ex. tapeworm, fluke)
- helminthology
6
Q
parasitic arthropods
A
- spiders/insects/mites
- some are disease vectors + cause infestations
- ex. scabies mite
7
Q
nucleus
A
- membrane-bound
- eukaryotic cells only
- holds cell’s DNA
- regulates gene expression/cell growth/reproduction
8
Q
membrane of cell
A
- thin/flexible layer of tissue
- can be the barrier/lining/partition
9
Q
cytoplasm
A
- gel-like substance
- contains all cellular organelles/molecules (excl. nucleus)
- maintains cell’s shape/consistency
- medium for metabolic reactions
10
Q
ribosome
A
- contains RNA + proteins for translating genetic info from mRNA
11
Q
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
A
- membranous tubules
- eukaryotic cells only
- protein/lipid synthesis
12
Q
rough ER
A
aids in protein synthesis (with ribosomes)
13
Q
smooth ER
A
aids in lipid synthesis + detoxification
14
Q
golgi apparatus
A
packages molecules processed by the ER for transportation out of cell
15
Q
mitochondria
A
- complex organelles that can separate + reproduce
- convert energy into fuel for cell (powerhouse)
16
Q
lysosome
A
- digest foreign bacteria invading cell
- eliminate toxic substances
- recycle worn-out cell components
17
Q
flagellum
A
- slender threadlike appendage
- enables protozoa/bacteria/sperm to swim
18
Q
cilia
A
- small/slender hair-like on the surface of mammalian cells
- important for locomotion
