Urology Flashcards
causes of hypoCalcemia are:
CKD # 1
Hypopartahyroidism
tx for urge incontinence:
anti cholonergic meds
Muddy brown sediment is indicative of:
Actue Tubular Necrosis
Muddy Tubules
EKG findings of high K
Peaked T waves wide QRS
Cellular hyper excitation is due to:
low Ca
tx for Goodpasture Disease is:
plasma exchange / electrophoresis
need to remove antibodies
Most common genetic disease in the US
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
will also demonstrates what vascular abnormality?
aneurysm in Circle of Willis
classic signs of hypoCalcemia:
Chvostek sign
Trousseau sign
Chlamydia vs Gonorrhea:
Chlamydia - clear discharge
Gonorrhea - purulent discharge
tx of hypokalemia
oral replacement
pH>7.45
Alkalosis
definition of hyperkalemia is:
K>5
tx of Polycycstic Kindey Disease:
aggressive HTN tx
end stage - transplant
Red Cell Cast in urine is:
Glomerulonephritis
red glomerulonephritis
incoontinence/leakage due to increase abdominal pressure (sneezing, caughing, valsalva) is known as:
Stress Incotninence
Gleason Score reffers to:
biopsy results for prostate CA
most common Bladder CA:
Transitional Cell CA (urothelial cell CA)
sx of low Ca are:
Muscle cramping
paresthesias
Increased reflexes
HyperExcitation
Eosiniphils seen in urine is a signs of:
Interstitial Nephritis
Eoseniphils=Enterstitial Nephritis
periorbital and scrotal edema
hematuria
flank pain
are sx of:
Glomerulonephritis
Different urinary sediments:
Mudy brown = actube tubular necrosis
WBC, Eosiniophils = Interstitial nephritis
Red Cell cast = Glomerulonephritis
hormone levels in Nonseminoma (test cancer)
extrimly elevated Beta HCG
elevated AFP
Nonseminomas
Administration of ACE I in a pt with renal artery stenosis will results in:
abrupts increase in creatinine
tx for Nephrotic Syndrome:
steroids for primary nephrotic syndrome
low protein and salt diet
Thiazide/loop and ACE-I
Tx for chlamydia:
Azithromycin
tx of hyperkalemia:
to stabilize the heart
Calcium Gluconate
to drive K back into cells
Insulin
Albuterol
Sodium Bicarb
Kayexalate
causes of Hypovolemic, Hyponatremia:
prolonged:
vomitting
diarrhea
diruetic use
Addison Disease
in hypokalemia it is important to check what other electrolite
If Mg+ low, K+ is resistant to therapy
risk factors for bladder CA:
Smoking
exposure to industrial chemicals
Radioation therapy is usefull in which testicular CA:
Seminomas
autoantibodies against basement membrane of glomerulonephritis is known as:
Goodpasture Syndrome
TNM system reffers to:
Tumor
Node
Mets
Most common cause of instrinscie ARF is:
Acute Tubular Necrosis
tx for pyelonephritis
Quinolone
Cipro
hypervolemic, hypenatremia is caused by:
Cirrhosis
CHF
Nephrotic Syndrome
Renal Failure
tx of Acute Tubular Necrosis:
Loop Diuretics
Low protein diet
hypokalemia is defined as:
<3.5 mild
<2.5 severe
tx of UTI in pregnancy:
Nitrofurantoin
Stones that are NOT seen on x ray are:
Uric Acid Stones
Uric stone = unseen
sx of hyponatremia (<125)
N/V
weakness/lethargy
headache
delirium
coma
Inflammation of renal tubules and interstititum is known as:
Interstitial Nephrtitis
acidotic renal stones are known as:
Uric Stones
EKG findins of low Mg:
TORSADES
tx for bacterial prostatitis:
Bactrum
Quinolones
Hyponatremia, Na value is:
Na<135
symptomatic when Na<125
potential renal complication of illicit drugs:
Acute Tubular Necrosis
cause of hyperCalcemia:
Hyperparathyroidism
Renal Cell Ca
Lung Ca
the rate of Na correction should be no more than:
1 per liter per hour
nephroblastoma in children is known as:
Wilm’s tumor
tx of UTI in pregnancy is:
Ceftriaxone - only!
high p CO2
low HCO3
indicative of
Acidosis
AFP in Seminomas are
NOT elevated
low p CO2
high HCO3
indicative of
Alkolosis
what caused low K:
Diarrhea (most common)
Loop diauretics, Thiazide diuretics
Hyperaldeosteronism
which prostate zone obstructe urine flow in BPH?
transitional zone wich surrounds the urethra.
WBC cast, Eosinophils are indicative of:
Interstitial Nephritis
WBC cast = Interstitial Nephritis
overactive bladder
increased detrusor activity
irritable bladder contraction
are signs of:
Urge Incontinence
Staghorn stones are associated with
renal infection
and
alkalineurine
Staghron stone=Struvite Stones
effect of low and high K
low K: Muscle weakness, cramps, arrhythmias, ileus
high K: Muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, ileus, impaired cardiac conduction
lab values for Nephrotic Syndrome
protein > 3.5
Oval Fat/Lipid Bodies in UA in the shape of Maltese Crosse
Low serum albumin
most prostate CA are:
adenocarcinoma
cause of hyperkalemia:
Advance Renal Disease
Addison’s
ACE-I
Spirinolactones
EKG findings of low K
Flattened or inverted T waves on EKG
most common cause of hyperkalemia is:
Advanced Renal Disease
drugs that cause Interstitial Nephritis:
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Sulfa
NSAIDS
potential renal complication of group A step is:
Glomerulonephritis
tx for BPH
alpha blockers (-osin-)
5 alpha reducates inhibitors (finasteride/dutasteride)
tx for stress incontinence is:
Kegels exercise
most testicular CA are:
Germ Cell Tumors
tx of Diabetes Insipidus (low ADH/Vasopressin)
Desmopressin
Syphilis stages:
Complicated UTI tx:
Bloodwork results for Nephrotic Syndrome:
Hypoalbuminemia (albumin spilled into UA)
Hyperlipidemia (reactive)
Hight Tryglycerides
High ESR
Chemotherapy in testicular CA:
Nonseminomas: not susceptible to chemo
Seminomas: amenable to chemo
antibodies to Glomerular Basement Membrane are indicative of:
Goodpasture Syndrome
negative P_rehn’s sign_ (lifting a testicle)
negative Cremasteric reflex (stroking inside of the thigh)
are indicative of:
Testicular Torsion
hypercalcemia causes increased or dicrease excitation?
hypoExcitation
Alcoholism has what impact on electrolites
Low Mg, K,
BPH medication tx:
Alpha Blockers
-zosin-
pH < 7.35 is
Acidosis
Euvolemic, Hoponatremia is caused by:
SIADH (water retention)
psychogenic polydipsia
most common renal stones are:
Calcium Oxalate
complication of severe hyponatremia is
Central Pontine Myelinolysis=iatrogenic cerebral osmotic dmyelination
damage of the myelin in of the pons
risk factor for renal stone formaton:
high sodium,
protein,
oxalates,
purines
Inlammation of the glomerulus is known as:
Glomerulonephritis
renal stone size limit that will not pass on its own:
10 mm or more
medical tx of cryptorchidism is:
hCG IM injections
