Neuro Flashcards
1
Q
CN VI?
A
Abducence CN
Lateral (abduction) eye muscle
2
Q
sx of middle cerebral artery stroke:
A
contralateral homonymous hemianopia
arm/face sx > legs
3
Q
what brain changes occure in Huntingtpon’s disease?
A
Atropy of caudate nucleus
Cerebral atrophy
4
Q
A
5
Q
Seizure that involves only one hemisphere is known as:
A
Focal
6
Q
Moderate Head Inury corresponds to GCS of:
A
9-12
7
Q
closes the eyelid, CN
A
VII
8
Q
LP in aseptic / viral meningitis:
A
normal glucose
normal protein
lymphocytes
normal opening pressure
9
Q
Pupillary response to light, CN?
A
III
10
Q
Homonymous hemianopsia is:
A
Bilaterally symmetric loss of vision in half the visual fields
11
Q
big toe going up on plantar reflex is known as:
A
positive Babinski sign
12
Q
generalized (entire head)
neck pain / stiffness
non pulsatile
vise like
band like
A
Tension headache
13
Q
tx of essential tremor:
A
EtOH
Propranalol
14
Q
Thunderclap
Worse headache of my life
indicative of:
A
Subarachnoid hemmorhage
aneurysm rapture
15
Q
LP in Bacterial meningitis:
A
elevated protein
decreased glucose<40
elevated opening pressure
cloudy color
16
Q
tx for H.influenza meningitis is:
A
Cephalosporin
17
Q
most common type of dementia is:
A
Alzheimer’s
18
Q
Neuropathy associated with Camylobacter jejunie is:
A
Gullian Barre Syndrome
19
Q
viruses that cause meningitis are:
A
Echovirus
Coxsackie
20
Q
Severe Head Injury corresponds to GCS of
A
<8
21
Q
tx for Cluster headaches?
A
triptans
TRIPTAN, OXIGAN clustran
22
Q
most common finding in CP is:
A
muscle spasticity
muscular hypertonicity
23
Q
which chromosome is affected in Huntington’s Disease?
A
Chromose 4
for Hungtington’s
24
Q
factors the predispose to bacterial meningitis are:
A
existing bacterial infection
Immunocompromised status
25
**Lower** motor neuron facial nerve paresis
**Bell's palsy**
26
**positive Babinsky** signs is indicative of:
Postictal state
27
prevention of Tension Headaches:
Amitripty**line**
## Footnote
**t Tension Headaches *-line-* TriCyclic Antidepressant**
28
**carbamazepine, ethosuximide** are known to cause:
anemia and blood dyscrasia
29
common virus associated that causes encephalitis is:
Herpes Simplex Virus
West Nile Virus
30
Sequence of events in **Epidrual Hematoma**
1. Head Trauma
2. Unconsious
**3. Brief return of connsious - _Lucid interval_**
4. Becoming unconsiou again
31
most common **tics in Tourette** is:
Motor: **sniffing, blinking, shrugging shoulders**
32
loss of consciousness with **rigidity**
followed by
**jerking, convulsive movements**
discriptive of
**Tonic Clonic**
Tonic=Rigid
Clonic=jerking
33
bx results for Alzheimer's Dz:
**Beta - amyloid/neuritic plaques**
**neurofibrially tangles**
34
most common location of cerebral aneurysm is:
**anterior circle** of Willis
## Footnote
**anterior circle of aneurysm**
35
**Distal weakness**/ **ascending paralysis** after a **_recent GI infection or immunization_** is likely to be:
**Gullian-Brre Syndrome**
36
2nd line of tx of Parkinson's:
**Anticholinergics:**
***Benztropine***
37
CN IV?
**Trochlear CN**
oblique eye muscles
38
tx for **pneumococal meningtitis** is:
**Penicillin + Vancomycin**
**+**
**Dexamethasone**
39
**Horner's syndrome** is associated with what headache?
**Cluster**
**Horny Cluster**
40
Lateral Jaw movement
Temporal and Masseter muscle strenght
CN?
V
41
**plaques** known as **Dawson's fingers** seen on MR
are indicative of:
**MS**
42
most common sx of Alzheimer's
**Antergograde amnesia** - loss of short term memory
43
**Brudzinksi** sign:
neck flexition produces knee and hip flexion
44
**Chorea**
**Demential**
**Behavioral changes**
classic triad for:
**Huntington Disease**
45
EEG positive for seizures will show:
**paroxysmal spikes or sharp waves**
46
most common seizure in children is:
**Absence** (ptit mal)
47
tx for **Meningococal Meningitis** is:
**Penicillin + ampicillin**
48
viral meningitis is also known as:
aseptic
49
tx for **Tonic Clonic** Seizures:
**Valproic acid**
Lamotrigine
Topiramate
Ton**IC** Clon**IC** Valpor**IC**
50
**Glasgow Coma Scale** Consists of:
**Visual 4**
**Verbal 5**
**Motoric 6**
51
tx for **Complex Regional Pain Syndrome**
NSAIDS - early stage
Antidepressant, gabapentin - late stage
52
**Visual Hallucination** which began _at the same tim_e **as Parkinsonian** sx are indicative of:
**Lewy Body Dementia**
53
**Peak sign** in a pt with Myasthenia Gravis reffers to:
unable to keep the eye closed for a long period of time.
54
sensory **optic** information CN?
CN II
55
seizure prophylaxis during a stroke is acheived with:
**phenytoin**
56
stroke tx if tPA is not an option:
Aspirin
Clopidogrel
control HTN
prevent hyperthermia
57
class of medication that can cause delirium:
Anticholinergics
opioids
benzodiazepines
58
most common artery affected by ischemic stroke
**Middle cerebral artery**
**M**ost **C**ommon **A**rtery
59
first presentation sx for **Myasthenia Gravis**:
**ptosis**
**diplopia**
**diffeculty chewing/swallowing**
60
Tongue motor function is:
**Hypoglossal CN XII**
61
Dicreased sensation in the **stocking glove distribution**
Peripheral Neuropathy
62
1 st line of tx for Parkinson's
**Levodopa + Carbidopa**
**Lovedopa**: converted to dopamine
**Carbidopa:** prevent breakdown of levodopa
63
CN VII
**Facial**
faical muscles
+
2/3 anterior tongue
64
**Petechial Rash** seen in a child is a sign of:
Meningacocal meningitis
65
collection of blood **above the dura matter but below the skull** is knonw as:
**Epidural**
66
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome is usually preceeded by:
**trauma / injury**
67
Valporic acid is contraindicated in:
**pregnancy**
68
delirium in alcoholics is caused by
low thiamin
69
GCS \< 8 requires
Intubation
70
Triceps Reflex:
C 7
71
main stay of tx for Migraine is:
**Triptans**
72
Cardinal Parkinson sx:
**Pill Rolling / Resting** tremor
**Rrigidity** (cogwheeling)
**Akinesia**
**Postural/gain instability**
73
LP in **MS** will show:
**Ologclonal bands (IgG)**
**Meyling basic protein**
74
most common reason for **hemorrhagic stroke** is:
HTN
exsessive anticoagulation
trauma
75
**receptive aphasia** is due to damage to what area?
**Werneckes**
76
important criteria in diagnosing **MS** is:
**dissemination/spread/dispersion** of sx **in time and space (anatomical locations)**
77
Cerebral perfusion pressure equals to:
CPP=MAP-ICP
= Mean arterial pressure - Intracranial pressure
78
Glossopharyngeal CN?
IX
79
**Tonic-clonic (grand mal)** seizures are followed by:
**Postictal state** - confusion, slugishness
80
oculomotor CN?
III
81
Definition of **MS**:
Multifocal **demyelination** of the **white matter** of the brain and spinal cord
82
Meningococcal meningitis is caused by:
Pnumococcal meningitis is caused by:
Nieseria Meningitidis \> ***N. Meningitidis***
Steptococcus pneumooneia \> ***Pneumococcal***
83
**mild head injury** correspond to GCS of:
**13-15**
84
Diabetic Neuropathy follows what distribution?
**Stocking glove**
85
according to **Monro–Kellie** doctrine intracranial structure will be damaaged in which order in case of icrease of intracranial pressure (tumor/swelling/bleed)
**1. CSF** (lowest pressure system)
**2. Venous blood** (sinuses compress)
**3. Arterial flow** (obstruction of arterial flow)
**4. Brain** (tissue starts to herniate)
86
tx for **absence seizure** is:
**Ethosuximide**
87
**Pain out of proportion in distal limb** which is exacerbated by **_light touch_** following an injury is suggestive of:
***Complex Regional Pain Syndrome***
88
**expressive aphasia i**s due to damage to what area:
**Broca**
89
**Demyalination of white matter** is known as:
MS
90
Biceps tendon reflex
C6
91
Radiological finding in **Complex Regional Pain Syndrome**
**increased uptake on bone scan** - early stage
**severe osteopenia** - late stage
92
infection of the **parenchyma** of the brain is knonw as:
**Encephalitis**
93
Bell's palsy is linked to what virus?
**Herpis Simplex**
94
**Meinigococcal meningitis** is caused by:
***Neisseria meningitidis***
95
**Postural tremor**
Essential Tremor
96
Bilat motor loss in UE \> bilat motor loss in LE
is known as:
**Central Cord Syndrome**
seen in cervical spinal cord injury
97
sx of Bell's palsy:
ipsilateral ear pain
unable to close eye
diffeculty eating
unable to raise eyebrow
98
**Myasthenia Gravis** is most common among:
women, mid 30's
old men
99
tx for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy:
Tricyclic antidepressants - ***line-***
## Footnote
***Gabapentin***
100
tx for **Status epilepticus** is:
**Benzodiazepine**
**Status epilepticus _BENZODIAZEPICUS_**
101
**MS i**s most common among:
Females
Northen European origins
mid 30's
102
**Tensilon/edrophonium** test is:
used to diagnose Myasthenia Gravis
administration of **ant-acetyl cholinesterase** \> provides **temporal improvement** of Myasthenia Gravis sx.
103
eyelid droop is indicative of damage to which CN
III
104
Chorea in Huntington's Disease is treated with:
**Tetrabenazine**
105
symmetrical weakness of facial muscles:
worsens with use
**Myasthenia Gravis**
106
Common cause of **Epidural Hematoma** is injury to:
**Temporal artery**
or
**Middle meningeal artery**
107
progressive distal weaknes:
drop foot
high arches
hammertoes
**Charco-Marie-Tooth** neuropathy
108
two events that are likely to preceed Guillian Barre Syndrome:
**Immunization**
**GI infection *(campylobacter)***
109
tx of Mya**sthenia** Gravis:
Cholinesterase inhibitors:
pyrido**stigmine=sthenia**
110
Stroke + Fever =
Endocarditis
111
intracranial pressure is controlled by what med?
**mannitol**
112
onset of Huntington's disease is usually at:
40 y.o.
113
the cause of **encephalits** is often
**viral**
114
most common **inherited** peripheral neuropathy
Charco-Marie-Tooth neuropathy
115
Innervationto trapeziusand sternocledomastoidmuscles
CN XI
116
**Monro–Kellie** doctrine is:
sum of volumes of **brain**, **CSF,** and **intracranial blood** is **_constant_**
if the volume brain increases (tumor) then the volume of another component (CSF or blood) must adjust (decrease)
Large cranial mass may lead to reduce blood flow to the brain \>ischemia
117
**conVEXlesions** on brain CT
usually corresponds to:
**Epidural Hematoma**
118
Common medication that my cause **delirium** is:
Lorazepam (Ativan)
***L***orazepam=de***L***irium
119
Blockage of neuromuscular transmission at the **acetylcholine receptors**
**Myasthenia Gravis**
120
1st line tx for Alzheimer is:
Cholinesterase inhibitors:
**Denepezil Alzhimezil**
121
**Stupo**r is:
temporal arousal only by vigourous stupor
122
**Relapsing-remitting** neurological sx developing into chronic progressive course may be a sign of:
**MS**
123
Acute, symmetric **ascending weakness** of limbs
Gait disorder common
Paresthesiasof hands and feet
followed by: GI infection, Diarrhea, Viral URI, Immunization
**Guillain Barre Syndrome**
124
preventative tx for **Cluster** headaches?
**Verapomil**
125
LR6(SO**4**)3
LR6(SO**4**)3
126
most common cancer in pt with **Myasthenia Gravis** is:
**Thymoma**
127
Diagnostic test for **Myasthenia Gravis:**
Elevated **acetylcholine receptor antibody**
128
exsessive coagulation can be reveresed with:
vitamin K
FFP
129
golden standard to diagnose cerebral aneurysm is:
**angiography**
130
area of the brain the allows to produce meaningfull auditory information:
Broca
131
preventative **migraine** tx:
Topiramate
Valporate
Propranalol
***_TOPIRAMATE and VALPORATE_** will prevent your **migronate***
132
**Intentional/essential tremor** stops with _____ resumes with\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
**stops** with intional movement
**resume** with rest
133
**Kernig sign** is:
**flexiton of the hip and knee** results in **painful knee extension**
134
GCS \< **8**
corresponds to
**S**ever Head Trauma
## Footnote
**8=S**
135
removal of **Thymus glan**d is recommended in pt with:
**Myasthenia Gravis**
136
area of the brain responsible for comprehansion of auditory speech:
**Wernicke**
137
tx for acute MS:
corticosteroids
138
most common type of **MS** is:
**Relapsing-Remitting**
139
tontraindicatoin to tPA includes:
NOthrombolytics if symptoms \> **4.5 hours**
**BP \> 185/110**
**Recent hemorrhage, GI bleed**
**Administration of anticoagulants**
–Arterial puncture at non-compressible site
–Internal bleeding
–Platelets \< 100,000
–Head trauma, prior stroke, cranial surgery
140
opens the eye lid, CN?
III
141
Imperic tx for bacterial meningitis is:
**Ceftriaxon**
**+**
**Vancomycin**
**+ Dexamethasone**
142
what kinds of memory loss Delivrium involves?
retrograde and atregrade (short and long term)
143
in additon to optic neuritis and double vision what are the other early sx of MS?
**urinary incontinence**
144
tx for encephalitis caused by HSV is:
acyclovir
145
**conCAVE** lesions on brain CT
**Crescent shape** collection in the frontotemproral region
corresponds to:
Subdural hematoma
146
sx: anterior cerebral artery stroke
**legs\>arms/face**
147
first neurological sx of what can be a MS is:
**optic neuritis**
148
Steroid tx in Bell's palsy needs to be initiated w/i
first 5 days
149
**_Seizure lasting \> 30_** min is known as:
**Status Epilepticus**
150
Seizure that involves both hemisphere is known as:
**Generalized**
151
**subdural hematoma** is b/w which layers
**b/w dura and arachnoid membranes**
152
unilateral headache
males\>females
periorbital
episodic
severe
may involve eye or nose sx:
**Cluster**
153
tx of MS aimed at reducing relapses is:
**beta interferon**
154
**global expressive aphasia** is seen in:
Middle cerebral artery stroke
## Footnote
**affect Broca's area**
155
inheritance pattern of **Essential Tremor**:
**autosomal dominant**
156
Friedreich Ataxia
157
**Ipsilateral blindness** corresponds to which artery occlusion?
**Internal Carotid artery**
158
GCS **13-15**
corresponds to:
**Mild Head Trauma**
159
**Lucid interval following by slowly progressive altered mental status with**
**unilateral headache**
**ipsilateral enlarged pupil**
typical of:
**Subdural Hematoma**
160
Pathophysiology of Parkin's Disease is:
**Reduce dopamine**
Lewy bodies
Acetylcholine/Dopamine imbalance
161
**In Trigeminal Neuralgia** the pain starts:
at the corner of the mouth and moves to the angle of the jaw.
## Footnote
**unilateral**
162
muscle spasm in CP are tx with:
Baclofen
Botox
163
acute and fluctuating state of confusion
**Delirium**
164
CN X
**Vagus**
165
**Bell's Palsy** is usually preceeded by:
Infection
Infection
Diabetes
166
most common organism that cause **bacterial meningitis**
***H.influezna*** - children
***Step. pneumonia*** - adults with comorbit condition
***Neisseria meningitidis*** - dorms, jails, barracks
***Listeria Monocytogenes*** - developing countries
***group B strep (S agalactiae)*** - neonates
167
stroke sx vs artery occlusion:
legs\>arms/face impairement
vs
arms\>legs/face impairemnt
legs\>arms/face impairement: **_Anterior Cerebral Artery_**
arms\>legs/face impairemnt: **_Middle Cerebral Artery_**
168
head trauma where **briding vessles** are damaged will produce what type of hematoma:
**subdural**
169
tx for **Guillian-Barre Sydnrome**:
**Plasmaphoresis**
**IVIG (intravenous Immunoglobulin)**
170
Multiple **motor** and phonic **tics**
are indicative of
Tourette Syndrome
## Footnote
**Tics=Tourette**
171
CN XI
Spinal Accessory
172
Ipsilateral loss of position, motor, vibration
and
Contralaterl loss of pain and temperature
**Brown Sequard Syndrome**
173
Hemorrhagic stroke will produce\_\_\_\_\_ bleeding:
**intracerebral bleeding**
174
**GCS 9-12**
corresponds to:
Moderate Head Injury
175
**Bell's Palsy** affects which CN?
**VII (7)**
176
Seizure meds can be discountinued after
**two years** of seizure free period
177
Tourette Syndrome must onset before:
**age of 21 y.o**
178
Masked Like Facies
Parkinson's Disease
179
CN VIII
Acustic / Vestibulocochlear
180
**Alcohol withdrawal** is treated with:
**Benzidizapine**
181
**Triptans** can not be use in:
pregnancy
CAD
PVD
182
1st line of tx for Trigeminal Neuralgia:
**Carbamazepine**
183
LP results for viral encephalitis:
lymphocytic
**normal glucose** (vs low glucose in bacterial)
184
sudden cessation of activity
**blank stare**
brief impairment
discriptive of:
**Absence seizure**
185
Patern for **vascular dementia** is:
**Sudden onset**
**stepwise progression**
186
most Ischemic Strokes are Thrombotic or Embolic?
**Thrombotic\>Embolic**
187
MR findings in MS will include:
**Black holes** - axonal damage
**Dawson's finger** - extending from ventricles
188
female\>males
unilateral
throbbing/pulsatile
photophobia
phonophobia
Visual Aura
N/V
**Migraine**
189
tPA can be given with in the ___ of sx onset
**4.5 hours**
190
Key Dermatomes
Thumb
Nipple
Umbilicus
Great toe
Anal sphincter
–**C6** Thumb
–**T4** Nipple
–**T10** Umbilicus
–**L5** Great toe
–**S5** Anal sphincter
191
rapture of **aneurysm** results in:
**Subarachnoid** hemorrhage
192
Subclavian steal syndrome results into retrograde flow in:
vertibral artery
193
significant BP differences in the upper extermeties are often due to:
Sublcavian steal syndrome
194
one of the distinguishing sx of **sublcavian steal syndrome** is:
**Bilateral blurred vision**
195
196
**Donepezil** is the tx of choice for:
Alzheimer
Donepezil (Cholinesterase inhibitor)
