Neuro Flashcards
CN VI?
Abducence CN
Lateral (abduction) eye muscle
sx of middle cerebral artery stroke:
contralateral homonymous hemianopia
arm/face sx > legs
what brain changes occure in Huntingtpon’s disease?
Atropy of caudate nucleus
Cerebral atrophy
Seizure that involves only one hemisphere is known as:
Focal
Moderate Head Inury corresponds to GCS of:
9-12
closes the eyelid, CN
VII
LP in aseptic / viral meningitis:
normal glucose
normal protein
lymphocytes
normal opening pressure
Pupillary response to light, CN?
III
Homonymous hemianopsia is:
Bilaterally symmetric loss of vision in half the visual fields
big toe going up on plantar reflex is known as:
positive Babinski sign
generalized (entire head)
neck pain / stiffness
non pulsatile
vise like
band like
Tension headache
tx of essential tremor:
EtOH
Propranalol
Thunderclap
Worse headache of my life
indicative of:
Subarachnoid hemmorhage
aneurysm rapture
LP in Bacterial meningitis:
elevated protein
decreased glucose<40
elevated opening pressure
cloudy color
tx for H.influenza meningitis is:
Cephalosporin
most common type of dementia is:
Alzheimer’s
Neuropathy associated with Camylobacter jejunie is:
Gullian Barre Syndrome
viruses that cause meningitis are:
Echovirus
Coxsackie
Severe Head Injury corresponds to GCS of
<8
tx for Cluster headaches?
triptans
TRIPTAN, OXIGAN clustran
most common finding in CP is:
muscle spasticity
muscular hypertonicity
which chromosome is affected in Huntington’s Disease?
Chromose 4
for Hungtington’s
factors the predispose to bacterial meningitis are:
existing bacterial infection
Immunocompromised status
Lower motor neuron facial nerve paresis
Bell’s palsy
positive Babinsky signs is indicative of:
Postictal state
prevention of Tension Headaches:
Amitriptyline
t Tension Headaches -line- TriCyclic Antidepressant
carbamazepine, ethosuximide are known to cause:
anemia and blood dyscrasia
common virus associated that causes encephalitis is:
Herpes Simplex Virus
West Nile Virus
Sequence of events in Epidrual Hematoma
- Head Trauma
- Unconsious
3. Brief return of connsious - Lucid interval
- Becoming unconsiou again
most common tics in Tourette is:
Motor: sniffing, blinking, shrugging shoulders
loss of consciousness with rigidity
followed by
jerking, convulsive movements
discriptive of
Tonic Clonic
Tonic=Rigid
Clonic=jerking
bx results for Alzheimer’s Dz:
Beta - amyloid/neuritic plaques
neurofibrially tangles
most common location of cerebral aneurysm is:
anterior circle of Willis
anterior circle of aneurysm
Distal weakness/ ascending paralysis after a recent GI infection or immunization is likely to be:
Gullian-Brre Syndrome
2nd line of tx of Parkinson’s:
Anticholinergics:
Benztropine
CN IV?
Trochlear CN
oblique eye muscles
tx for pneumococal meningtitis is:
Penicillin + Vancomycin
+
Dexamethasone
Horner’s syndrome is associated with what headache?
Cluster
Horny Cluster
Lateral Jaw movement
Temporal and Masseter muscle strenght
CN?
V
plaques known as Dawson’s fingers seen on MR
are indicative of:
MS
most common sx of Alzheimer’s
Antergograde amnesia - loss of short term memory
Brudzinksi sign:
neck flexition produces knee and hip flexion
Chorea
Demential
Behavioral changes
classic triad for:
Huntington Disease
EEG positive for seizures will show:
paroxysmal spikes or sharp waves
most common seizure in children is:
Absence (ptit mal)
tx for Meningococal Meningitis is:
Penicillin + ampicillin
viral meningitis is also known as:
aseptic
tx for Tonic Clonic Seizures:
Valproic acid
Lamotrigine
Topiramate
TonIC ClonIC ValporIC
Glasgow Coma Scale Consists of:
Visual 4
Verbal 5
Motoric 6
tx for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
NSAIDS - early stage
Antidepressant, gabapentin - late stage
Visual Hallucination which began _at the same tim_e as Parkinsonian sx are indicative of:
Lewy Body Dementia
Peak sign in a pt with Myasthenia Gravis reffers to:
unable to keep the eye closed for a long period of time.
sensory optic information CN?
CN II
seizure prophylaxis during a stroke is acheived with:
phenytoin
stroke tx if tPA is not an option:
Aspirin
Clopidogrel
control HTN
prevent hyperthermia
class of medication that can cause delirium:
Anticholinergics
opioids
benzodiazepines
most common artery affected by ischemic stroke
Middle cerebral artery
Most Common Artery
first presentation sx for Myasthenia Gravis:
ptosis
diplopia
diffeculty chewing/swallowing
Tongue motor function is:
Hypoglossal CN XII
Dicreased sensation in the stocking glove distribution
Peripheral Neuropathy
1 st line of tx for Parkinson’s
Levodopa + Carbidopa
Lovedopa: converted to dopamine
Carbidopa: prevent breakdown of levodopa
CN VII
Facial
faical muscles
+
2/3 anterior tongue
Petechial Rash seen in a child is a sign of:
Meningacocal meningitis
collection of blood above the dura matter but below the skull is knonw as:
Epidural
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome is usually preceeded by:
trauma / injury
Valporic acid is contraindicated in:
pregnancy
delirium in alcoholics is caused by
low thiamin
GCS < 8 requires
Intubation
Triceps Reflex:
C 7
main stay of tx for Migraine is:
Triptans
Cardinal Parkinson sx:
Pill Rolling / Resting tremor
Rrigidity (cogwheeling)
Akinesia
Postural/gain instability
LP in MS will show:
Ologclonal bands (IgG)
Meyling basic protein
most common reason for hemorrhagic stroke is:
HTN
exsessive anticoagulation
trauma
receptive aphasia is due to damage to what area?
Werneckes
important criteria in diagnosing MS is:
dissemination/spread/dispersion of sx in time and space (anatomical locations)
Cerebral perfusion pressure equals to:
CPP=MAP-ICP
= Mean arterial pressure - Intracranial pressure
Glossopharyngeal CN?
IX
Tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures are followed by:
Postictal state - confusion, slugishness
oculomotor CN?
III
Definition of MS:
Multifocal demyelination of the white matter of the brain and spinal cord
Meningococcal meningitis is caused by:
Pnumococcal meningitis is caused by:
Nieseria Meningitidis > N. Meningitidis
Steptococcus pneumooneia > Pneumococcal
mild head injury correspond to GCS of:
13-15
Diabetic Neuropathy follows what distribution?
Stocking glove
according to Monro–Kellie doctrine intracranial structure will be damaaged in which order in case of icrease of intracranial pressure (tumor/swelling/bleed)
1. CSF (lowest pressure system)
2. Venous blood (sinuses compress)
3. Arterial flow (obstruction of arterial flow)
4. Brain (tissue starts to herniate)
tx for absence seizure is:
Ethosuximide
Pain out of proportion in distal limb which is exacerbated by light touch following an injury is suggestive of:
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
expressive aphasia is due to damage to what area:
Broca
Demyalination of white matter is known as:
MS
Biceps tendon reflex
C6
Radiological finding in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
increased uptake on bone scan - early stage
severe osteopenia - late stage
infection of the parenchyma of the brain is knonw as:
Encephalitis
Bell’s palsy is linked to what virus?
Herpis Simplex
Meinigococcal meningitis is caused by:
Neisseria meningitidis
Postural tremor
Essential Tremor
Bilat motor loss in UE > bilat motor loss in LE
is known as:
Central Cord Syndrome
seen in cervical spinal cord injury
sx of Bell’s palsy:
ipsilateral ear pain
unable to close eye
diffeculty eating
unable to raise eyebrow
Myasthenia Gravis is most common among:
women, mid 30’s
old men
tx for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy:
Tricyclic antidepressants - line-
Gabapentin
tx for Status epilepticus is:
Benzodiazepine
Status epilepticus BENZODIAZEPICUS
MS is most common among:
Females
Northen European origins
mid 30’s
Tensilon/edrophonium test is:
used to diagnose Myasthenia Gravis
administration of ant-acetyl cholinesterase > provides temporal improvement of Myasthenia Gravis sx.
eyelid droop is indicative of damage to which CN
III
Chorea in Huntington’s Disease is treated with:
Tetrabenazine
symmetrical weakness of facial muscles:
worsens with use
Myasthenia Gravis
Common cause of Epidural Hematoma is injury to:
Temporal artery
or
Middle meningeal artery
progressive distal weaknes:
drop foot
high arches
hammertoes
Charco-Marie-Tooth neuropathy
two events that are likely to preceed Guillian Barre Syndrome:
Immunization
GI infection (campylobacter)
tx of Myasthenia Gravis:
Cholinesterase inhibitors:
pyridostigmine=sthenia
Stroke + Fever =
Endocarditis
intracranial pressure is controlled by what med?
mannitol
onset of Huntington’s disease is usually at:
40 y.o.
the cause of encephalits is often
viral
most common inherited peripheral neuropathy
Charco-Marie-Tooth neuropathy
Innervationto trapeziusand sternocledomastoidmuscles
CN XI
Monro–Kellie doctrine is:
sum of volumes of brain, CSF, and intracranial blood is constant
if the volume brain increases (tumor) then the volume of another component (CSF or blood) must adjust (decrease)
Large cranial mass may lead to reduce blood flow to the brain >ischemia
conVEXlesions on brain CT
usually corresponds to:
Epidural Hematoma
Common medication that my cause delirium is:
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Lorazepam=deLirium
Blockage of neuromuscular transmission at the acetylcholine receptors
Myasthenia Gravis
1st line tx for Alzheimer is:
Cholinesterase inhibitors:
Denepezil Alzhimezil
Stupor is:
temporal arousal only by vigourous stupor
Relapsing-remitting neurological sx developing into chronic progressive course may be a sign of:
MS
Acute, symmetric ascending weakness of limbs
Gait disorder common
Paresthesiasof hands and feet
followed by: GI infection, Diarrhea, Viral URI, Immunization
Guillain Barre Syndrome
preventative tx for Cluster headaches?
Verapomil
LR<strong>6</strong>(SO4)<strong>3</strong>
LR<strong>6</strong>(SO4)<strong>3</strong>
most common cancer in pt with Myasthenia Gravis is:
Thymoma
Diagnostic test for Myasthenia Gravis:
Elevated acetylcholine receptor antibody
exsessive coagulation can be reveresed with:
vitamin K
FFP
golden standard to diagnose cerebral aneurysm is:
angiography
area of the brain the allows to produce meaningfull auditory information:
Broca
preventative migraine tx:
Topiramate
Valporate
Propranalol
TOPIRAMATE and VALPORATE** will prevent your **migronate
Intentional/essential tremor stops with _____ resumes with________
stops with intional movement
resume with rest
Kernig sign is:
flexiton of the hip and knee results in painful knee extension
GCS < 8
corresponds to
Sever Head Trauma
8=S
removal of Thymus gland is recommended in pt with:
Myasthenia Gravis
area of the brain responsible for comprehansion of auditory speech:
Wernicke
tx for acute MS:
corticosteroids
most common type of MS is:
Relapsing-Remitting
tontraindicatoin to tPA includes:
NOthrombolytics if symptoms > 4.5 hours
BP > 185/110
Recent hemorrhage, GI bleed
Administration of anticoagulants
–Arterial puncture at non-compressible site
–Internal bleeding
–Platelets < 100,000
–Head trauma, prior stroke, cranial surgery
opens the eye lid, CN?
III
Imperic tx for bacterial meningitis is:
Ceftriaxon
+
Vancomycin
+ Dexamethasone
what kinds of memory loss Delivrium involves?
retrograde and atregrade (short and long term)
in additon to optic neuritis and double vision what are the other early sx of MS?
urinary incontinence
tx for encephalitis caused by HSV is:
acyclovir
conCAVE lesions on brain CT
Crescent shape collection in the frontotemproral region
corresponds to:
Subdural hematoma
sx: anterior cerebral artery stroke
legs>arms/face
first neurological sx of what can be a MS is:
optic neuritis
Steroid tx in Bell’s palsy needs to be initiated w/i
first 5 days
Seizure lasting > 30 min is known as:
Status Epilepticus
Seizure that involves both hemisphere is known as:
Generalized
subdural hematoma is b/w which layers
b/w dura and arachnoid membranes
unilateral headache
males>females
periorbital
episodic
severe
may involve eye or nose sx:
Cluster
tx of MS aimed at reducing relapses is:
beta interferon
global expressive aphasia is seen in:
Middle cerebral artery stroke
affect Broca’s area
inheritance pattern of Essential Tremor:
autosomal dominant
Friedreich Ataxia
Ipsilateral blindness corresponds to which artery occlusion?
Internal Carotid artery
GCS 13-15
corresponds to:
Mild Head Trauma
Lucid interval following by slowly progressive altered mental status with
unilateral headache
ipsilateral enlarged pupil
typical of:
Subdural Hematoma
Pathophysiology of Parkin’s Disease is:
Reduce dopamine
Lewy bodies
Acetylcholine/Dopamine imbalance
In Trigeminal Neuralgia the pain starts:
at the corner of the mouth and moves to the angle of the jaw.
unilateral
muscle spasm in CP are tx with:
Baclofen
Botox
acute and fluctuating state of confusion
Delirium
CN X
Vagus
Bell’s Palsy is usually preceeded by:
Infection
Infection
Diabetes
most common organism that cause bacterial meningitis
H.influezna - children
Step. pneumonia - adults with comorbit condition
Neisseria meningitidis - dorms, jails, barracks
Listeria Monocytogenes - developing countries
group B strep (S agalactiae) - neonates
stroke sx vs artery occlusion:
legs>arms/face impairement
vs
arms>legs/face impairemnt
legs>arms/face impairement: Anterior Cerebral Artery
arms>legs/face impairemnt: Middle Cerebral Artery
head trauma where briding vessles are damaged will produce what type of hematoma:
subdural
tx for Guillian-Barre Sydnrome:
Plasmaphoresis
IVIG (intravenous Immunoglobulin)
Multiple motor and phonic tics
are indicative of
Tourette Syndrome
Tics=Tourette
CN XI
Spinal Accessory
Ipsilateral loss of position, motor, vibration
and
Contralaterl loss of pain and temperature
Brown Sequard Syndrome
Hemorrhagic stroke will produce_____ bleeding:
intracerebral bleeding
GCS 9-12
corresponds to:
Moderate Head Injury
Bell’s Palsy affects which CN?
VII (7)
Seizure meds can be discountinued after
two years of seizure free period
Tourette Syndrome must onset before:
age of 21 y.o
Masked Like Facies
Parkinson’s Disease
CN VIII
Acustic / Vestibulocochlear
Alcohol withdrawal is treated with:
Benzidizapine
Triptans can not be use in:
pregnancy
CAD
PVD
1st line of tx for Trigeminal Neuralgia:
Carbamazepine
LP results for viral encephalitis:
lymphocytic
normal glucose (vs low glucose in bacterial)
sudden cessation of activity
blank stare
brief impairment
discriptive of:
Absence seizure
Patern for vascular dementia is:
Sudden onset
stepwise progression
most Ischemic Strokes are Thrombotic or Embolic?
Thrombotic>Embolic
MR findings in MS will include:
Black holes - axonal damage
Dawson’s finger - extending from ventricles
female>males
unilateral
throbbing/pulsatile
photophobia
phonophobia
Visual Aura
N/V
Migraine
tPA can be given with in the ___ of sx onset
4.5 hours
Key Dermatomes
Thumb
Nipple
Umbilicus
Great toe
Anal sphincter
–C6 Thumb
–T4 Nipple
–T10 Umbilicus
–L5 Great toe
–S5 Anal sphincter
rapture of aneurysm results in:
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Subclavian steal syndrome results into retrograde flow in:
vertibral artery
significant BP differences in the upper extermeties are often due to:
Sublcavian steal syndrome
one of the distinguishing sx of sublcavian steal syndrome is:
Bilateral blurred vision
Donepezil is the tx of choice for:
Alzheimer
Donepezil (Cholinesterase inhibitor)