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PANCE - A > Pulmonology > Flashcards

Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

1 casue of ARDS is:

A

Sepsis

chemical exposure

burns

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2
Q

viruses that often cause acute Bronchitis are:

A

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Rhinovirus

Influenza

Corona

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3
Q

Unique paraneplastic syndrome for Adenocarcinoma is:

A

Thromboplebitis

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4
Q

Erythema Nodosum is often seen in what pulmonary condition?

A

Sarcoidosis

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5
Q

Trasudate vs. Exudate Effusion

A

Transudate__Exudate

total fluid protein: <3 g >3

fluid prot / serum prot: 0.5 0.5

fluid LDH/ serum LDH 0.6 0.6

causes CHF Malign

Renal

Cirrhosis

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6
Q

Atopy is:

A

Asthma predisposing factor.

genetic predipsoition to developm IgE in response to allergen.

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7
Q

CAP in HIV/AIDS pt is often caused by:

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Fungal

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8
Q

Signs and sx of pulmonary HTN:

A

Fatigue

Dyspnea on exersion

substernal chest pain

edema

Rt heart enlargement seen on ECG, Echo, chest X ray.

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9
Q

Immediate Asthmatic Response is:

A

causes immediate bronchoconstriction

reversed by SABA

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10
Q

Sx of Tension Pneumothorax:

A

Hypotension

Pleuritic Pain

Low Oxygen saturation

Distened JV

Diminished breath sounds

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11
Q

Definition of a lung mass is:

A

>3 cm.

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12
Q

Moderate Persistent Asthma:

A

Daily episodes

>1 night episodes per week.

tx: Inhaled Corticosteroids + LABA (salmeterol)

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13
Q

COPD tx that increases survival is:

A

Supplemental O2

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14
Q

Treatment for CAP is

A

Doxycycline

or

Macroclides:

clarithromycin

azitrhomycn (Z pack)

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15
Q

Nasal Polyps

Chloride sweat test

Recurrent pneumonia

Fecal fat test

should make you think of:

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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16
Q

Diminished lung sounds are seen in what COPD?

A

Empysema

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17
Q

Pertussis stage that involves flu like symptoms (fever, nasal congestion, sneezing) is known as:

A

Catarrhal Stage

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18
Q

Facial Edema

Distended JV

in a pt with lung CA should make you think of:

A

SVC syndrome

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19
Q

Side effect of TB drugs:

Isoniazid

Rifampin

Ethambutol

Pyrazinamide

A

Isoniazid - peripheral neuropathy (corrected with B6)

Rifampin - orange bodily fluids, hepatitis

Ethambutol - Optic neuritis, red-green blindness

Pyrazinamide - hyperuricemia

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20
Q

Orthomyxovirus is also known as:

A

Influenza

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21
Q

Berryliosis pneumoconioses X ray findings are:

A

Hilar adenopathy

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22
Q

In smoke inhalation / carbon dioxide poisoning

it is crucial to order which test?

A

Carboxyhemoglobin

True O2 sat = O2 sat - Carboxyhemoglobin

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23
Q

Light Criteria includes:

A

Effusion protein is 50% or more of serum protein

e.i effusion pretein / serum protein is >0.5

Effusion LDH is 60% or more of serum protein

e.i effusion LDH / serum LDH is > 0.6

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24
Q

Ghon/Ranke focus/complex

A

seen in TB:

focus-sign of healed primary infection

complexe-focus plus hilar adenopathy

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25
Q

Caseating/necrotizing granulomas are:

A

biopsy result correlating to TB

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26
Q

Lung sound assosiated with Bronchitis:

A

Rhonchi

Wheezes that go away with coughing

Crackles

No Rales

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27
Q

Features of Mantoux testing:

A

measure induration and NOT the erythema

measure in 48-72 hours after the shot

Purified protein derivative

indicative of exposure not necessarily active disease

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28
Q

X-Ray findins of TB include:

A

Cavitation - signs of primary disease

Homogeneous infiltrates

Upper/Apex distributation

Chon/Ranke focus/comlex - healed primary infection

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29
Q

Example of Short Acting Agonist (SABA)

Example of Long Short Acting Agonist (LABA)

A

Albutorol (SABA)

Salmeterol, Formoterol (LABA)

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30
Q

Reyes syndrome can be produced if:

A

a child who hase influenza A/B or Varicella (Chicken pox) treated with Aspirin

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31
Q

leaking capillaries which result in spilling of protein into plueral cavity lead to:

A

Exudate Pleural Effusion.

Positive Light’s criteria

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32
Q

CAP in Student is most often caused by:

A

Mycoplasma pnemoniae

Chlamydia

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33
Q

Hospital/Nosocomial pneumonia are caused by which organisms:

A

Pseudomonas

S.Aureus

Klebsiella

E.Coli

Enterobacter

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34
Q

Sacroidosis is:

A

systemic disease

seen often in African blacks and Northern European

granulomas throughout the body including lungs

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35
Q

Blunting of Costophrenic seen on chest X-Ray is a sign of:

A

Pleural effusion.

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36
Q

Pnemocystis Pneumonia is caused by

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

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37
Q

Exam signs of lobar / consolidated pneumonia:

A

+ bronchophony (spoken words a heard louder)

+ egophony ( “ee” is heard as an “A”)

+ whispered pectoriloquy (whispered words are heard louder and clear)

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38
Q

Classical X ray finding corresponding to Epiglottitis is:

A

Thumbprint sign on lateral C spine film

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39
Q

Distinguishing feature of COPD is

A

productive cough

Blue bloaters

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40
Q

COPD pt with SVT should be treated with:

A

CCB

(not Adenosine)

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41
Q

Active TB tx is:

A

Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutal, Pyrazinamide x 2 months

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42
Q

Pursed lips breathing is seen in pt’s with:

A

emphysema

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43
Q

Healthy lung tissue sounds _____ to percussion

A

Resonant

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44
Q

1 treatment for COPD is:

A

Smoking Cessation

Supplimental O2

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45
Q

FEV1/FVC < 75% is a predictor of:

A

Obstructive Pulm Disease:

COPD or ASTHMA

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46
Q

PE will often produce respiratory _________

A

alkolosis

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47
Q

red coloring of the urine and other secretions (saliva, tears, stool), hepatic toxicity is seen in what TB drug?

A

Rifampicin

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48
Q

non-necrotizing granulomatous finding on lung biopsy suggests what pathology?

A

Sarcoidosis

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49
Q

Uveitis is seen in what pulmonary conditoin?

(inflammation of the middle layer of the eye)

A

Sacroidosis

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50
Q

Oblique/major fissure devides:

A

Left lung into: upper and inferior lobes

Right lung into: upper, middle and lower lobes

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51
Q

X ray findings seen in Acute Resp Distress syndrome:

A

Bilat infiltrates that spare costophrenic angles

normal heart

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52
Q

Acute Cor Pulmonale caused by

Chronic Cor Pulmonale caused by

A

PE > acute Cor Pulmonale

COPD > Pulm HNT > chronich Cor Pulmonale

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53
Q

Carcinoid syndrome is:

A

diarrhea

flushing

Telangiectasia (visible small linear red blood vessels )

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54
Q

What importat diet modification should be made to pt with cystic fibrosis?

A

Fat-soluble vitamin supplements

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55
Q

Location of Lung Cancers:

A

Large cell & Adeno: Peripheral location (LA=costal)

Small cell, squamous: central location (S=Sentral)

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56
Q

Crackles and wheezes that clear with coughing are indicative of:

A

Bronchitis

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57
Q

Subacute cough last:

A

3-8 weeks

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58
Q

Hepatotoxic (rare), hyperuricemia is seen in what TB drug?

A

Pyrazinamide

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59
Q

Aspergilloma may be seen in the lungs after what conditon?

A

TB

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60
Q

Inhalation of car fume causes

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning

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61
Q

Intermittent/Controlled Asthma is defined as:

A

<2 episodes per week

and

<2 night episode per month

tx: SABA (Albutorol) PRN

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62
Q

Late Asthmatic Response is:

A

occures 4-12 h after the initial onset

infux of inflammatory cells

produces irreversible bronchial hyperplasia

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63
Q

Tension Pneumothorax is often caused by:

A

Penetrating truama

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64
Q

Mesothelioma originates from:

A

Pleural lining - majority

Peritoneal lining

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65
Q

Afib in a pt with COPD should be treated with:

A

CCB

(not Beta blockers)

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66
Q

Most common sx of a PE is:

A

Tachycardia

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67
Q

Non Small Cell Lung Cancer includes:

A

Squamous

Adenocarcinoma

Large Cell

(SALc)

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68
Q

Silicosis pneumoconioses and Coal Workers pneumoconioses produce what X ray findings:

A

Nodular opacities / “eggshell” with calcification in the appex of the lungs

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69
Q

Silicosis pneumoconioses has a high risk of

A

TB development

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70
Q

Etiology of Bronchitis is:

A

viral

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71
Q

what is the potential danage of performing Laryngoscopy in a pt. with Acute Epiglotitis?

A

Airway spasm.

Should only be done in OR setting.

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72
Q

CAP in pt with AIDS (CD4<200)

immonosuppressed pt

is caused by

A

Pneumocystitis jiroveci (PCP)

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73
Q

Diagnostitc test for pertussis is:

A

PCR

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74
Q

X ray finding corresponding to Mesothelioma are:

A

Unilateral

irregular , nodular pleural thickening

hemmorhagic pleural effusion

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75
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy is often seen in:

A

Sacroidosis

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76
Q

Dullness to lung percussion is indicative of:

A

consolidation/effusion

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77
Q

sx of Chronic Bronchitis:

A

Excessive mucous secretion

Chronic cough

Rales, ronchi, wheezes

Cyonosis

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78
Q

Which lung conditions produce dullness to percussion?

A

Pleural effusion

Tumor

Fibrosis

pneumonia

other condtions where air is being replaced.

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79
Q

Most common cause of Pulmonary HTN is:

A

Secondary causes:

COPD

Scleroderma

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80
Q

Definition of lung nodule/lesion is:

A

<3 cm.

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81
Q

Rust Colored sputum

Single rigor

A

CAP caused by S.Pneumoniae

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82
Q

Pertussis is seen in what age group?

A

children<2 y.o

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83
Q

Hyper resonance to percussion is a signs of:

A

Pneumothorax

ASTHMA

COPD

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84
Q

Consolidated pneumonia ___________

tactile fremitus.

A

Increase

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85
Q

CAP in a PT with spleenectomy is often casued by:

A

S.pneumoniae

H.Influenza

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86
Q

Unique breathing sound that corralates to upper respiratory obstruction is known as:

A

Stridor

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87
Q

Optic neuritis, difficulty distinguishing between blue and green is seen in what TB drug?

A

Ethambutol:

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88
Q

Tram-track or ring-like markings

Honeycombing markings

X ray findings corresponding to:

A

Bronchiectasis

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89
Q

Sx of Reye’s syndrome inlcude:

A

CNS sx.

liver failure

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90
Q

Cough for 3 or more month/year x 2 years is known as:

A

Chronic Bronchitis / COPD

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91
Q

Reid index:

A

meausures mucus gland layer on the bronchial wall

Reid index is >50% seen in chronic bronchitis pt.

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92
Q

Treatment for croup

A

Steroids

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93
Q

Rt. Lung has ___ lobes

A

Three

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94
Q

Contraindication to Flue vaccine is:

A

Egg allergy

febrile illness

Thrombocytopenia

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95
Q

CAP caused in air conditioning / aerosolized water is usually secondary to what microrganism?

A

Legionella pneumophia

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96
Q

Barrel Chest is seen in

A

Emphysema

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97
Q

sx of Idiopathy Pulmonary Fibrosis

A

Inspiratory Crackles

patchy fibrosis

reduces lung volume

reduced FVC

inreased FEV1 / FVC

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98
Q

most common cause of Acute Resp Distress syndrome is:

A

sepsis

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99
Q

Contralateral mediastinal and tracheal deviation seen on X ray is a sign of:

A

Tension Pneumothorax.

100
Q

Lupus pernio

purple lesion around the nose are often seen in what pulmonary conditoin?

A

Sarcoidosis

101
Q

X ray findings corresponding to Asthma is:

A

Hyperinflated lungs

102
Q

Prevention of Pertussis is?

103
Q

X ray findings seen in Chronic Bronchitis:

A

Increased pulmonary markings

104
Q

Laten TB tx:

A

Isoniazid x 9 m

Rifopentine

105
Q

Berryliosis is associated with:

A

Space / high tech fields

106
Q

Major complication of Bronchiectasis is:

A

Recurrent pnemonia

107
Q

Walking pnumonia is seen in:

A

students

casued by: Mycoplasma pneumniae

108
Q

Sx of Bronchiectasis are:

A

Foul smelling sputum

Excessive sputum production

recurrent pnemonia URI

bilateral crackles

109
Q

Best diagnostic test for Bronchiectasis is:

A

CT will show:

thickened bronchial walls with dialated airways.

110
Q

Rt. Axis Deviation

RVH

RAE

are seen in which pulmonary condtion:

A

Pulmonary HTN

111
Q

Description of a typical pt with primary spontaneous pneumothorax:

A

Male

Tall

Thin

Smoking

Basketball player

112
Q

Actue epiglottitis is caused most offten by:

A

Haemophilus influenza type B

Strep

Staph

113
Q

Rale/Crackles are heard in which pulmonary condtions

A

Pneumonia

Fibrosis

Crackles are non musical / discontinuous

114
Q

Severe Persistent Asthma:

A

daily and nightly

tx: Inhaled Corticosteroids + LABA +oral steroids

115
Q

Sensitivity to organic materials

(birds, hay, fungus) is known as

A

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

116
Q

Most Carcinoid tumors are located in:

A

GI and Lungs

117
Q

Non-caseating granulomas are:

A

Biopsy results corresponding to sacroidosis

118
Q

Normal Respiratory Rate (RR) is

119
Q

Pneumonia caused by Legionella is often seen in conjunction with:

A

GI sx:

diarrhea

n/v

120
Q

X ray findings corresponding to PE:

A

atelectasis at the basis

Western’smark signs (local vasoconstriction)

Hampton’s hump (wedge articfact/ifarct distal to occlusion)

121
Q

Positive Criteria for Mantoux test:

A

Positive IF:

>5 mm if pt immunosuppressed

>10 mm if pt has known risk factor or less then 4 y.p

>15 mm if pt has no known risk factors

122
Q

What FEV1/FVC will

pt with COPD and ASTHMA have

A

FEV1/FVC < 75% adults

FEV1/FVC<90% children

123
Q

FVC and TLC in Restrictive Pulm Disease are:

124
Q

Asbestosis causes what kind of cancer:

A

Non small cell CA - most common

Mesothelioma - unique

125
Q

Tx for exersises induced Asthama is:

A

LABA:

salmeterol

126
Q

Tactile Fremitus is _________ in

COPD

Pleural Effusion

Fibrosis

Pneumothorax

A

DECREASED

these reduce the transmition of vibrations felt by the hand

127
Q

Cattarhal stage of Perstusis is known as

A

the most contageous

Catarrhal=Congageous

128
Q

Most common histological type of lung cancer is:

A

Adenocarcinoma

129
Q

Tx for acute Epiglottis is:

A

3rd generation cephalosporin:

Cefuroxime

Ceftriaxone

Secure Airways = INTUBATE if needed

130
Q

Tx for Berryliosis is

A

Chronic steroids

131
Q

Pertussis stage that involves “whooping/high-pitched” cough is known as:

A

Paroxysmal

132
Q

Asthma Sx includes

A

Cough

SOB

Wheezing

Chest tightness

133
Q

Sx of Epiglottitis:

A

Painfull swalling (odynophagia)

Drolling

Pt. leaning forward (Tripod position)

Stridor

134
Q

Prevention of Epiglottitis is:

A

Hib vaccination (against Heamophilus influezae type b)

135
Q

The risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is increased in

A

Maternal Smoking during pregnancy

136
Q

SIADH and Cushing’s are typical of which lung CA?

A

Small Cell CA

137
Q

X ray finding corresponding to Emphysyma:

A

Flattened diaphragms (signs of hyperinflated lungs)

Parenchyma bullae

Decreased lung markings at apex

Hyperlucency of the lungs (signs of hyperinflating)

138
Q

COPD consisits of:

A

Chronich Bronchitis

and

Emphysema

139
Q

Phathophisiology of Emphysema:

A

lung fibrosis

loss of elastic recoil properties

140
Q

Tamiflu/Oseltamivir

A

Antiviral (influenza A & B)

must be given w/i the first 48 hours

Oral medication

Aproved for 1 y.o and older.

141
Q

Acute Resp Distess Syndrome

A

Pulmonary insult w/o Cardiac Failure

most often seen in ICU

142
Q

Most common congenital cause of bronchiectasis is:

A

Cystic Fibrosis

143
Q

College student

Bullous myringitis:

acute otitis media involving vesicles on typmanic membrane

A

CAP caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae

144
Q

Exam findins suggestive of pneumonia:

A

Positive Egophony (E>A)

Increased Tactile Fremitus (fibration felt with hands)

Rales

145
Q

Non - ceseating granulomas

Erythema nodosume

Enlarged parotid glands>hyperCalcemia

are typically seen in:

A

Sacroidosis

146
Q

Pathophysiology of Chronic Bronchitis:

A

Smooth muscle hypertrophy

Over activity of mucus glands

Loss of cillia

Mucus build up

147
Q

Serevent Diskus is a long-acting beta agonist

A

long-acting beta agonist (LABA)

148
Q

Pertussis is caused by:

A

Bordetella pertusisi -

149
Q

what immunizations are advised for pnemocosies?

A

Neumococcal

and

Influenza

150
Q

Wheezes and Rhonci are heard in:

A

COPD

ASTHMA

151
Q

Egg shell calcification seen on X ray are suggestive of

A

Sillicosis

152
Q

Pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis:

A

loss of cellia

mucus hypersecretion

decreased mucus removal

obstructions and inflammation

154
Q

Unique paranepolastic syndrome for Large Cell CA is:

A

Gynocomastia

155
Q

Intermittent

Mild Persistent

Moderate Persistent

Severe Persistent

A
  1. SABA
  2. low ICS
  3. low ICS+LABA
  4. mid ICS + LABA
  5. high ICS + LABA
  6. high ICS + LABA + oral steroids
156
Q

Pt with spleenectomy are prone to CAP caused by:

A

Strep Pneumonaie

H.Influenza

157
Q

Emergency Management of Acute Asthma Attack:

A

Albutorol (SABA)

158
Q

The Lambert-Eaton syndrome (myasthenic syndrom) is seen in:

A

Small Cell Lung CA

159
Q

Cor pulmonale

A

Enlargment and transformation of the Rt Ventricle due to the persistent Pulmonary HTN

160
Q

most common virus that causes croup** is

A

parainfluenza virus

161
Q

unique paraneoplastic syndrome for

Squamous Cell Lung CA is:

A

HyperCalcemia

elevated PTH

162
Q

The most definitive Asthma test is:

A

Methylcholine Challange test aka bronchial provocation test.

FEV1 which decreases by 20% or more is considered positive for Asthma.

163
Q

Subpleural blebs / perenchychyma bullae are seen in X ray of:

A

Emphysema pt.

164
Q

Lf Lung has ______ lobes

165
Q

Rapid doubling of pulmonary nodule in less than 30 days is indicative of:

A

Infectious cause

166
Q

Acute cough lasts:

A

under 3 weeks.

167
Q

Chronic cough last:

A

over 8 weeks.

168
Q

Gold Standard for visualizing PE

A

Lung Arteriography

169
Q

Pinck Puffers is associated with

170
Q

“Atypical bacteria” that causes CAP are:

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Legionella pneumopilia -

Chlamydia -

171
Q

Tx and prophylaxis of pneumonia in AIDS pt (CD4<200) is:

causative organism is pneumocystisi jiroveci

172
Q

The main side effect of Octreotide scintigraphy / somatostatin receptor scintigraphy

A

Gall Stones

173
Q

Atopic Triad is:

A

associated with Asthama and includes:

wheeze

echzema

rhinitis

174
Q

Extrapulmonary TB is known as:

A

Pott’s disease

most common in Thoracic spine (Tuberculous spondylitis)

175
Q

CAP in pt with COPD is caused by

A

H.Influenza

176
Q

Hepatitis, peripheral neuropathy is seen in what TB drug?

177
Q

S P H E R E of lung CA complication is:

A

S. SVC compression

P. Pancostal/Apical lung tumor: compressing brachial plexus, cervical sympathetics.

H. Horner’s syndrome: unilateral ptosis, miosis (pupil constriction), facial anhidrosis (inability to sweat)

E. Endorcine (Carcinoid syndrome)

R. Recurrent laryngeal nerve danage (horse voice)

E. Effusion (exudate)

178
Q

Distinguishing feature of empyema on X ray is:

A

A decubitus X-ray does not layer out.

179
Q

Most agressive type of lung cancer is:

A

Small Cell

180
Q

Diffuse interstitial infiltrates (known as ground glass appearance) is seen in:

A

Pneumocystis Pneumonia caused by

Pneumocystis jiroveci

seen in AIDS pt.

Abx of choic is Bactrum

181
Q

TB testing is done through:

A

Acid-fast bacilli stain

182
Q

Mechanism of Action of Beta Agonist (Albutorol)

A

Acts on Beta2 receptors of bronchial muscles > eflux of Ca ions > bronchial relaxation.

183
Q

Mild Persisten Asthma is:

A

>2 episodes per week

3-4 night episdoses per month

tx: Daily Low-Dose inhailed coricosteroids (Beclomethasone, fluticasone, budesonide)

184
Q

causative organism for croup

A

parainfluenza

185
Q

Lung CA linked to asbestos exposure is known as:

A

Mesothelioma

186
Q

Diagnosis of Interstitial Pulm Fibrosis requries:

A

Lugn biopsy

187
Q

octreotide scintigraphy is used to detect:

A

Carcinoid tumors

188
Q

Horizontal/minor fissure devides:

A

Rt lung into upper and middle lobes.

189
Q

Exam signs of pleural effusion:

A

Dullness to percussion

Decreased breath sounds

Dicreased fremitus (vibrations feld with hands upon pt’s saying blue moon or 99)

190
Q

CAP in pt with Cystic Firbrosis is often caused by:

A

Pseudomonas

191
Q

Blue Bloaters are associated with

A

Chronich Bronchitis

192
Q

Alcoholics

Current jelly sputum

A

CAP caused by Klebsiella pneumoniea

193
Q

Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease is aslo known as:

A

Aspirin / Samter’s triad

194
Q

sx of Emphysema:

A

Barrel Chest

Air intrampment

Decreased lung sounds

Exersional Dyspnea

no cough (unlike in chronic bronchitis)

icreased AP diameter

use of accessory muscle

195
Q

Tx for Pertusis is:

A

Macrlide:

Erythromycin

Azithromycin

PM (Pertussis=Macrolides)

Erradicate the pathogen but do not stop the coughing

196
Q

Pathophysiology of Emphysema:

A

Loss of alveolar attachments

Decrease of elastic recoil

197
Q

Trachia bifurcates at the level of:

198
Q

Aspirin Tria / Samter’s triad:

A

Nasal Polyps

Nonallergic induced asthma

Aspirin Sensitivity

199
Q

Positive egophony test is:

A

“ee” said by a pt is heard as an “A” by a provider through the stethoscope

positive egophony is a sign of consolidation seen in lobar pneumonia

200
Q

Features of Small Cell Lung Carcinoma:

A

Very aggressive

produces multiple mets

increased risk with Smoking

Produces Paraneoplastic syndrome:

Cushing

SIADH

201
Q

X ray findings correlating to Pneumothorax are:

A

Visceral pleural line/air seen on

End expiratory chest X ray.

202
Q

Tx for PE

A

3-6 months

Heparin to Coumadin bridge for goal INR of 2-3

203
Q

Momemtasone furoate is

A

an inhaled low-dose corticosteroid

204
Q

The causative microrganism for pleural empyema are:

A

Staphylococcus aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, and H. influenza

205
Q

X ray findins of Sacroidosis

A

Ground glass shadows

Hilar Adenopathy (potatoe nodules)

206
Q

Bronchodilator Challenge (Albuterol) will produced what changes in Asthma pt?

A

FEV1 will improve by at least 12% and 200 ml

207
Q

Which Spirometry Parameters are usually abnormal in Asthma pt?

A

Decreased FEV1

Decreased PEFR (peak exparatory flow rate)

208
Q

Tx for Tension pnuemothorax is:

A

Needle decompression at 2nd interspace and MCL

209
Q

Obstructive Pulm Disease include:

A

Asthma

COPD

Cystic Fibrosis

Bronchiectasis

210
Q

Pulm HTN are diagnosed with what criteria:

A

Rt sided heart catherization:

-mean pulmonary artery pressure > 25 mm at rest or

>30 mm during exercise

211
Q

Lower border of the lung is at the level of

212
Q

Positive Light Criteria is indicative of:

A

Exudate Pleural Effusion

caused by increased protein or LDH in the pleural fluid.

Seen in: infections, malignancies, trauama

213
Q

causes of Transudate Effusion:

A

CHF (most common)

Cirrhosis

Renal dz

214
Q

Severe hyponatremia in the setting of a lung cancer is known as:

A

SIAD

paraneoplastic syndrome seen in Small Cell CA

215
Q

CAP in child <1 y.o is usually due to:

CAP in child 2-5 y.o is usually due to:

A

1 y.o: RSV

2-5 y.o: Parainfluenza

216
Q

what interspace is usually used for Thoracentesis

217
Q

Lung CA that is most common among people who DO NOT smoke

A

Adenocarcinoma

218
Q

Horner’s syndrome:

A

unilateral

ptosis (upper eye lid dropping)

miosis (excessive pupil constriction),

facial anhidrosis (inability to sweat)

219
Q

Definition of Pneumoconiosis

A

restrictive lung disease caused by inhalation of specific type of dust.

Macrophages ingest foreing particles producing cell injudry and death

220
Q

CAP with comorbidities is treated with

A

Fluroquinolons.

221
Q

paradoxical exacerbation of hypercoagulability

is seen in:

A

If warfarin is given orally for the 1st time w/o any additioinal anticoagulation medicine

(that increases the likelihood of thrombososis)

222
Q

Chest pain in PE ___________ with inspiration

223
Q

Most important Spiromentry component in evaluating ASTHMA is:

A

FEV1

Forced Experotary Volume in 1 second.

224
Q

which pulmonary conditions produce hyperresonance to percusion?

A

COPD

ASTHMA

Pnumothroax

conditions which involve hyperinflation of the lung

225
Q

Definition of Nosocomial/Hospital Aquired pneumonia is:

A

Onset of pneumonia 72 hours after hospitalization

226
Q

Residual cough in Pertussis that may last up to 100 days occures in what phase?

A

Convalescent

227
Q

X ray finding corresponding to Bronchiactasis are:

A

Tram-track or ring-like markings

Honeycombing markings

228
Q

Tx for recurrent pneumothorax for pt who are not surgical candidates are:

A

Sclerotherapy with:

Talc or Doxycycline

229
Q

Most lung nodules are:

A

not malignant

infectious granulomas

230
Q

Common sites for lung mets are:

A

Bone

Brain

Adrenal gland

Liver

231
Q

what is a typical anticoagulation protocol

A

Heparin first for one week

Warfarin in 3 days for 6 months

232
Q

Pedunculated and sessile tumor are usually discriptive of:

A

Carcinoid tumors

aka

Carcinoid adenoma

Bronchial Gland Tumors

233
Q

Most common organism that causes CAP is:

A

Strep Pneumoniae +

234
Q

Tx for pulmonary HTN:

A

Vasodilators (prostoglandins)

Lung transplants

CCB

235
Q

Tx for COPD:

A
  1. Iprotropiu - anticholenergic (SAMA)
  2. albuterol - beta agonist (SABA)
  3. inhailed steroids - budesonide
  4. abx: bactrum, augmentin, doxycycline
  5. influenza and pneumococal vaccine
236
Q

Persistent mucopurulent sputum with foul smell

chronic cough are manifistations of:

A

Bronchiectasis

237
Q

Total Volume Capacity (TVC) =

A

Residual Volume + Forcied Vital Capacity

TVC=RV+FVC

238
Q

Advair is

A

a combined low-dose inhaled corticosteroid and long acting beta agonist

239
Q

“Typical bacteria that causes” CAP are:

A

Strep Pneumoniae +

H. Influenza -

M. Catarrhalisb-

240
Q

Small Cell Lung CA

vs

Non Small Cell Lung CA

A

Small cell: more agressive, mets at diagnosis

Non Small cell: more amenable to treatment

241
Q

Relenza/Zanamivir

A

Inhailed medication antiviral

Approved for 7 years and older

242
Q

Alpha antitrypsin deficiency leads to

243
Q

Sx of Tuberculosis include:

A

cough

night sweats

weight loss

hemoptysis

post-tussive rales

244
Q

Long use of theophylline leads to

245
Q

calcified pleural plaques on the lateral chest wall

is suggestive of

A

Asbestosis

246
Q

Bronchiaectasis

A

Irreversible dilation/distruction of bronchial tubes

247
Q

Influenza swab test is known as:

PANCE - A (20 decks)

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