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PANCE - A > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

viral or bacterial Thyroidits is known as:

A

De Qurvain’s thyroiditis

or

Subactue Thyroiditis

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2
Q

low Na

hight K

are typical of:

A

Addison Disease (low aldesterone)

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3
Q

Anterior localized neck pain

Tender thyroid gland are

classic finding of:

A

Subactue Thyroiditis (de Quervain’s thyroiditis)

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4
Q

tx for nephropathy in a diabetic pt is:

A

ACE-I

ARBs

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5
Q

Toxic Diabetes Insipidus is caused by:

A

Lithium poisoning

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6
Q

GI sx of DM:

A

gastroparesis

nocturnal diarrhea

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7
Q

Growth hormone excess that occurs before fusion of the epiphyseal growth plates

A

pituitary gigantism

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8
Q

typical glucose levels in pt with HHS is:

A

above 600

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9
Q

Addison (low alderstron) will have what effect on Na and K

A

High K

Low Na

Addsion is opposite to Conn

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10
Q

Initial test for Addison is:

A

Cosyntropin stimulation test

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11
Q

dry cold skin vs warm moist skin

A

dry cold skin > hypothyroidism

warm moist skin > hyperthyroidism

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12
Q

Hot nodules on Thyroids nuclear scan is a sign of:

A

toxic nodule and NOT a malignancy

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13
Q

side effects of Metformin include:

A

GI sx

Vitamin B deficiency

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14
Q

the main cause of HHS is

A

chronic dehydration

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15
Q

tx fo SIADH:

A

fluid restriction

Demeclycycline (ADH inhibitor)

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16
Q

Cardiovascular sx related to autonomic neuropathy:

A

Orthostatis hypotension with out increase in heart rate

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17
Q

SIADH causes

A

increased secretion of ADH

and

retention of H2O

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18
Q

ACTH dependent vs ACTH independent

A

ACTH dependent > overactive petuitary

ACTH independent > overactive adrenal

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19
Q

tx of Central Diabetes Insipidus is:

A

Desmopressin

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20
Q

ketone’s bodies seen in DKA are detected with:

A

UA dipstick

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21
Q

Diabetes Insipidus is:

A

low secretion of Antidiuretics Hormones by posterior petuitary

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22
Q

Intermediate acting insulin peaks

A

w/i 7 hours

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23
Q

Hyperosomlar hyperglycemic state is seen in

A

DM II

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24
Q

Dawn Phenomenone is seen in

A

DM I

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25
Q

MoA of Flozin

A

Increase FLOW of sugar via urine

flozin=sugar flow

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26
Q

Tx of Grave’s disease is:

A

Radioactive iodine

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27
Q

medical tx for hyperaldosteroonism is:

A

Spironolactone

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28
Q

Addison vs Con

A

low aldesterone> Addison

high aldesterone > Conn

Low Addison

Hight Conn

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29
Q

best diagnostic test for Cushing is:

A

24-h Urine free cortisol

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30
Q

Short acting insulin peaks w/i

A

few hours

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31
Q

Which electrolite defeciancy may lower Parathyroid function?

A

Mg

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32
Q

in Central Diabetes Insipidus, Desmopressin test will have what effect:

A

reduced urine production

increased urine osmolarity

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33
Q

High serum osmolarity and elevated BUN (azotemia)

are indicative of:

A

HHS

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34
Q

warm moist skin is a sx of:

A

Hyperthyroidism

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35
Q

diagnostic method for evaluating gastroparesis is:

A

Gastric scintigraphy with ingestion of readioactive labeled meal.

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36
Q

Endogenous Cushing syndrome is ACTH dependent or independed?

A

Dependent

caused by overactive petiutary gland

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37
Q
A
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38
Q

during Diabetic Ketoacidosis the anion gap is:

A

high

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39
Q

Addison’s disease is

A

HypoAdrenalism

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40
Q

lid lag is a sign of:

A

HyperThyroidism

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41
Q

Diabetic neuropathy that has cardiological implication?

A

Orthostatic hypotention (w/o compansatory HR increase)

increase risk of sudden cardiac death

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42
Q

ACT independent Cushing’s Syndrome is caused by:

A

overactive adrenal gland

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43
Q

Diplopia in a DM pt is usually a result of:

A

CN III neuropathy

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44
Q

episodic severe HTN and tacharrhythmia with headache is a signs of:

A

Pheochromocytoma

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45
Q

sx of Cushing Dz:

A

moon facies

retrocx fat pads (buffalo hump)

purple striations

hirsutism

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46
Q

Exophthalmos is unique to:

A

Grave’s Disease

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47
Q

pathophysiology of Cushing’s Disease

A

oversecretion of AdrenoCorticotropic (ACTH) >>

oversecretion of glucocorticoids by adrenal glands

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48
Q

medical tx of pheochromocytoma is:

A

alpha blockers (phenoxybenzamine) - BP control (always before beta blockers)

beta blockers - arrhythmia control

definitaive tx is Surgical removal

49
Q

medicine that causes HypoThyroid:

A

Li

Amiodorone

Radioactive Iodine

50
Q

GLP 1 receptor agonists are known as:

A

exogenious incritis

-tide-

51
Q

antibody titers in Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism

A

Hypothyroidism

Anti–microsomal/thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb)

Hyperthyroidism

thyrotropin receptor antibodies / anti TSH receptor

52
Q

lab values for hypothyroidism

A

TSH up

T4 down

53
Q

tx for Addison’s disease:

A

Prednisone (replaces cortisol)

+ Fludrocortisone (replaces aldesterone)

54
Q

GLP-1 agonist

tide

are contraindicated in:

A

MEN-2 syndrome

Medullary thryoid cancer

Pancreatitis

55
Q

one of the manifistation of gastroparesis is:

A

nocturnal diarrhea

56
Q

Most common cause of Addison’s dz is:

A

autoimmune

57
Q

Grave’s disease is manifested by the production of:

A

Thyroid Innunoglubulins/antibodies

which mimic action of TSH hormone and cause increased production of T3/T4

58
Q

Petuitary adenoma produces what kind of visual sx:

A

bitemporal hemianopsia

59
Q

Posterior Petuitary Hormones

A

Ocytocin

Antidiuretic

60
Q

MoA of Dawn Phenomina is:

A

release of GH (b/e 3-8 am) > antagonises insulin > rapid rise of glucose (in the early morning)

61
Q

Diabetic Ketoacidosis is seen in

62
Q

SIADH has what impact of Na and urine osmolarity

A

Low serum Na (due to water retention)

High urine osmolarity (low urine secretion)

63
Q

dexamethasone suppression test in a pt with Cushin’s disease will:

A

produce elevated levels of cortisol

64
Q

MoA DPP-IV Inhibitors

A

act on Beta cells to increase insulin secretion

-gliptine-

65
Q

best screening test for Cushing is:

A

late night cortisol test

66
Q

Most common HypoThyroidism

A

hashimOto’s

hypOthyroidism=hashimOto

67
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone is also known as:

A

Vasopressin

68
Q

Ectopic ACTH syndrome is seen in :

A

Small Cell Lung Cancer

Carcinoid tumors

Islet cell tumors

69
Q

During Diabetic Keotacidosis the cell produce

A

Ketone bodies through the process of lipolysis

70
Q

containdications to Metformin is:

A

Lactic Acidosis

ETOH abuse

Before radiocontrast procedures

71
Q

MoA of GLP-1

-tide-

A

act on Beta cells to increase insulin secretion

72
Q

lab results in Diabetes Insipidus:

A

increased serum Na (caused by H2O loss)

decreased urine osmolarity (increased urine production)

73
Q

diagnostic test for pheochromocytoma

A

elevated plasma or urinary metanephrine levles

74
Q

ketones are not usually present in:

75
Q

Conn’s syndrome is

A

Hypersecrection of Aldesterone

Aldesterone Coin

76
Q

Genitourinary infections

Yeast infection

are side effects of:

77
Q

presence of

Anti–microsomal/thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb)

is indicative of:

A

Hypothyroidism

78
Q

what effect hyperCortisol has on Na and K

A

High Na

Low K

79
Q

abnormal level of Hormones in Addisons

A

Low Aldesterone

Low Cortisol

80
Q

diagnostic test for HyperAldosteronism is:

A

level of aldosteron in a urine

81
Q

Impact of Conn and Cushing’s on Na and K

A

Hight Na

Low K

Cushing’s and Conn have same effect on Na and K

82
Q

key fetures of HHS is

A

neurological sx

loss of consioness, coma, awareness

83
Q

dexamethasone test in a normal pt should:

A

supress ACTH and cortison

84
Q

two classes of drug that act as incritins

A

GLP I (exogen incritins) - tides

DPP IV inhibiors (native incretin) - gliptins

85
Q

lab values in Grave’s disease:

A

Low TSH

High T3/T4

presence of Thyroid Stimulating immunoglobulins

86
Q

two malignancies associated with SIADH are:

A

Small Cell Lung CA

Pancreatic CA

87
Q

DPP-IV Inhibitors are known as

A

ingenous incritins

88
Q

most deadly thyroid cancer is:

A

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma

89
Q

primary goal in tx HHS is:

A

replenish fluids

90
Q

Rapid Acting Insulin peaks

A

with in 1 hour

91
Q

the impact of HyperAldesterone on K and NA

A

High Na

Low K

92
Q

ADH causes:

low ADH results in:

A

ADH: retention of H2O

low ADH: results in H2O loss

93
Q

DM I will have what genetic abnormality?

A

HLA-DR3 gene

94
Q

tx for nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus is:

A

Hydroclorothiazide (TZD diuretics)

Amiloride (K spareing diuretic)

bother reduce serum Na

95
Q

Propylthiouracil vs Methimazole

A

Propylthiouracil > 1st trimester HyperThyroidsim

Methimazole > 2nd / 3rd trimester HyperThyroidsim

96
Q

↓ TSH, exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema makes you think of

A

Grave’s Disease

97
Q

most common Thyroid cancer is:

A

Papillary thyroid carcinoma

98
Q

Best single test for the diagnosis of
acromegaly is:

A

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1)

99
Q

sx of Addison’s Disease:

A

Salt craving

weight loss

Orthostati hypotention

skin pigementation

100
Q

Treatment of hyperthyroidism during 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy?

A

Methimazole

101
Q

Most common cause of Cushing syndrome?

A

Exogenous glucocorticoid usage

102
Q

Most common form of skeletal dysplasia is:

A

Achondroplasia

103
Q

act on Beta cells to increase insulin secretion

known as exogen. incritins

A

GLP1 agonists

-tide-

Beta tide

104
Q

Aldosterone is stimulated by

A

Angeotensin II

105
Q

tx of DKA:

A

IV fluids

Insulin

correct high Potassium

106
Q

Treatment of hyperthyroidism during 1st trimester of pregnancy?

A

Propylthiouracil

107
Q

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 inhibotirs are known as

108
Q

MoA of ADH

A

inserts aquaporins into collecting ducts

109
Q

urine osmolarity in Diabetes Insupidus vs SIADH

A

DI: low urine osmolarity

SIADH: high urine osmolarity

110
Q

imaging modality to visualize pheochromocytoma:

A

CT/MRI

or Nuclear Scan (MIBG scintigraphy) as last option.

111
Q

most common hormone hypersecretion during pituitary adenoma is:

112
Q

hot nodule vs. cold nodule

A

cold nodule > more likely to be malignant

hot nodule > more likely to be benign

113
Q

severe acute hypothyroidism is known as:

A

Myxedema Coma

114
Q

gliptins are

tides are

A

GLIPTINS - DPP IV inhibitors

TIDES - GLP 1

115
Q

inhibitor/antagonist of ADH is:

A

Demeclycycline

used in SIADH

116
Q

tx of Diabetes Insipidus and SIADH

A

Diabetes Incipidus: Desmopressin (ADH analog)

SIADH: Demeclycycline (ADH inhibitor)

117
Q

antagonist to aldesterone is:

A

Spirolactone

used in tx of Conn’s disease

118
Q

MoA dexamethasone suppression test:

A

Dexamethasone (synthetic glucocorticoid) inhibits release of ACTH which stimulates the production of cortisol.

results:

low levels of cortisol: indicative of normal negative feedback

high levels of cortisol: indicative of malfunction of negative feedback; abnormal production of ACTH which results in high level of cortisol

PANCE - A (20 decks)

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