urology Flashcards
urinary incontinence
- impact on physical, psychological & socio-economical aspects of life
- high prevalence in women due to multifactorial reasons
- high in men after prostatectomy
UI urinary incontinence def & symptoms
a condition in which involuntary loss of urine through the urethral meatus constitutes a social or hygiene problem and can be objectively demonstrated
- Complaint of involuntary loss of urine.
SUI stress urinary incontinence def & symptoms
involuntary leakage on effort or exertion, or on sneezing or coughing
- relaxed pelvic floor
- increased abdominal pressure
- Complaint of involuntary loss of urine on effort or physical exertion (e.g., sporting activities), or on sneezing or coughing. N.B.: ‘‘activity related incontinence’’ might be preferred in some languages to avoid confusion with psychological stress.
UUI urge urinary incontinence def & symptoms
involuntary leakage accompanied by or immediately proceeded by urgency
- bladder oversensitivity from infection
- Complaint of involuntary loss of urine associated with urgency.
MUI mixed urinary incontinence def & symptoms
involuntary leakage associated with urgency and with exertion, effort, sneezing, coughing
- Complaint of involuntary loss of urine associated with urgency and also with effort or physical exertion or on sneezing or coughing.
overflow urinary incontinence def
- urethral blockage
- bladder unable to empty properly
postural urinary incontinence symptoms
Complaint of involuntary loss of urine associated with change of body position, for example, rising from a seated or lying position.
nocturnal enuresis symptoms
Complaint of involuntary urinary loss of urine which occurs during sleep.
continuous urinary incontinence symptoms
Complaint of continuous involuntary loss of urine.
insensible urinary incontinence symptoms
Complaint of urinary incontinence where the woman has been unaware of how it occurred.
coital incontinence
Complaint of involuntary loss of urine with coitus. This symptom might be further divided into that occurring with penetration or intromission and that occurring at orgasm
bladder storage symptoms
- Increased daytime urinary frequency: Complaint that micturition occurs more frequently during waking hours than previously deemed normal by the woman.
- Nocturia: Complaint of interruption of sleep one or more times because of the need to micturate. Each void is preceded and followed by sleep.
- Urgency: Complaint of a sudden, compelling desire to pass urine which is difficult to defer.
- Overactive bladder (OAB, Urgency) syndrome: Urinary urgency, usually accompanied by frequency and nocturia, with or without urgency urinary incontinence, in the absence of urinary tract infection (UTI) or other obvious pathology.
sensory symptoms - bladder filling
A departure from normal sensation or function, experienced by the woman during bladder filling. Normally, the individual is aware of increasing sensation with bladder filling up to a strong desire to void.
- Increased bladder sensation: Complaint that the desire to void during bladder filling occurs earlier or is more persistent to that previous experienced. N.B.: This differs from urgency by the fact that micturition can be postponed despite the desire to void.
- Reduced bladder sensation: Complaint that the definite desire to void occurs later to that previously experienced despite an awareness that the bladder is filling.
- Absent bladder sensation: Complaint of both the absence of the sensation of bladder filling and a definite desire to void.
voiding & post-micturition symptoms
SSSPPIN HUFD
A departure from normal sensation or function, experienced by the woman during or following the act of micturition.
- Hesitancy: Complaint of a delay in initiating micturition.
- Slow stream: Complaint of a urinary stream perceived as slower compared to previous performance or in comparison with others.
- Intermittency: Complaint of urine flow that stops and starts on one or more occasions during voiding.
- Straining to void: Complaint of the need to make an intensive effort (by abdominal straining, Valsalva or suprapubic pressure) to either initiate, maintain, or improve the urinary stream.
- Spraying (splitting) of urinary stream: Complaint that the urine passage is a spray or split rather than a single discrete stream.
- Feeling of incomplete (bladder) emptying: Complaint that the bladder does not feel empty after micturition.
- Need to immediately re-void: Complaint that further micturition is necessary soon after passing urine.
- Post micturition leakage: Complaint of a further involuntary passage of urine following the completion of micturition.
- Position-dependent micturition: (NEW) Complaint of having to take specific positions to be able to micturate spontaneously or to improve bladder emptying, for example, leaning forwards or backwards on the toilet seat or voiding in the semi-standing position.
- Dysuria: Complaint of burning or other discomfort during micturition. Discomfort may be intrinsic to the lower urinary tract or external (vulvar dysuria).
- (Urinary) retention: (NEW) Complaint of the inability to pass urine despite persistent effort.
UTI urinary tract infection def & symptoms
Bacteria purifier
BUFD UP
- finding of microbiological evidence of significant bacteriuria and pyuriaxii usually accompanied by
- symptoms such as increased bladder sensation, urgency, frequency, dysuria, urgency urinary incontinence, and/or pain in the lower urinary tract.
