ortho - basic concepts in orthodox & soft tissue injuries Flashcards
1
Q
non-trauma injury
A
- Pain
- Loss of function
- Deformity
- Lumps ( Swelling)
2
Q
trauma injury
A
- Fractures & Joint dislocation
3
Q
injury definition
A
ABCDD
- Amount of force
- Direction of force
- Body position
- Direct / Indirect force
- Chronic repetitive trauma
4
Q
clinical examination
A
PIMS
- Inspection
- Palpation
- Movements
- Special maneuver/tests
5
Q
investigation
A
- X-rays
- DEXA scan
- Ultrasound
- Computed tomography
- MRI/ MRI Arthrogram
- Bone scan (Nuclear imaging)
- CRP
- ESR
- WCC
- Vitamin D level
- MC&S
- Histology
6
Q
management
A
EAR BET SCORS
- ORIF
- External fixation
- Arthrodesis
- Excision Arthroplasty
- Replacement
- Bone grafting/bone transport
- Tumor resection
- Non-operative
- Rest/ Ice/ Compression/ Elevation
- Cast / splint
- Skeletal traction
- Skin traction ( Gallow,s)
7
Q
soft tissue anatomy
A
- Bone
- Nerves
- Vascular structure ( artery & vein)
- Nerve
- Muscle
- Fascia
- Tendons
- Ligaments
- Cartilage
8
Q
ligament injuries grades
A
- Grade 1 sprain (mild): Slight stretching and some damage to the fibres of the ligament
- Grade 2 sprain (moderate): Partial tearing of the ligament
- Grade 3 sprain (severe): Complete tear of the ligament.
9
Q
soft tissue injury grades (Tscherne classification of closed fractures)
A
grade 0- no/ minor soft tissue damage,
indirect injury with simple fracture
grade 1- superficial aversion or skin contusion,
medium severity fracture pattern
grade 2- deep (contaminated) abrasion with skin/ muscle contusion,
severe fracture pattern by direct trauma
grade 3- extensive skin contusion, crush injury with severe damage to underlying muscle,
complex fracture patterns,
compartment syndrome, morel-lavallee or vascular injury
10
Q
treatment principles
A
- Elevation
- External fixation – delay definitive surgery
- Ligament reconstruction
- Muscle flaps/ skin flaps
