Urological Cancers Flashcards
Where can TCCs occur?
Bladder, urethra, ureters, renal calyces, renal pelvis
What is RCC?
Renal cell carcinoma - cancer of the kidney parenchyma
What is the most common tumour of the renal pelvis?
Renal TCC
How does RCC present?
Haematuria mainly
If advanced: varicocele, weight loss, hypercalcaemia
How does TCC present?
Haematuria, weight loss, lymphoedema
What are some risk factors for RCC?
Smoking, obesity, dialysis
How can RCC spread?
Perinephric, IVC spread to right atrium, lymph node metastases
What are some risk factors for bladder cancer?
Smoking, occupational exposure (rubber/plastics anufacture, handling of carbon, crude oil, painters, mechanics, printers, hairdressers)
What is the commonest cancer in men?
Prostate
What are the risk factors for prostate cancer?
Increasing age, family history, being black
What tumour marker is used in the diagnosis of prostate cancer?
Prostate specific antigen (PSA)
How does prostate cancer present?
Urinary symptoms, bone pain (mets), raised PSA
Which part of the prostate does benign growth occur?
Transition zone (central part of prostate)
Which part of the prostate do malignant growths occur?
Peripheral zone
