Urinary Tract Infections

Question 1

Which bacteria often causes UTIs?

Answer 1

E coli

Question 2

What does K antigen do?

Answer 2

Permits productioin of polysaccharide capsule -> harder for WBCs to ingest

Question 3

What is the gram stain for E coli?

Answer 3

Gram negative rods

Question 4

What are some symptoms of a lower UTI?

Answer 4

Dysuria, frequency, urgency, sometimes low grade fever

Question 5

What are some symptoms of an upper UTI?

Answer 5

Fever, loin pain, dysuria, frequency, urgency

Question 6

What are the relevant findings on a dipstick for a UTI?

Answer 6

Leucocyte esterase, nitrite, haematuria, proteinuria

Question 7

What is the antibiotic treatment for an uncomplicated UTI?

Answer 7

Trimethoprim

Question 8

What is the 1st line antibiotic for pyelonephritis?

Answer 8

Co-amoxiclav

Question 9

How is TB of urinary tract spread?

Answer 9

Haematogenous

Question 10

Where does TB of urinary tract start?

Answer 10

Kidneys - can eventually cause calcification of kidneys

Occasionally spreads to ureters and bladder

Question 11

How can TB of the urinary tract present?

Answer 11

Sterile pyuria, haematuria

Question 12

What can shistosomiasis cause in the urinary tract?

Answer 12

Chronic cystitis, calcification of the bladder, fibrosis and stenosis of VUJ, bladder cancer

Question 13

What systemic infections can cause GN?

Answer 13

Post infectious glomerulonephritis
Endocarditis
Hepatitis
HIV

Question 14

What organism usually causes post infectious GN?

Answer 14

Group A strep (1-4 weeks after throat infection)