Development of the Urinary System

Question 1

What are the kidneys derived from?

Answer 1

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 2

What is the earliest nephric stage?

Answer 2

Pronephros

Question 3

What appears after the pronephros?

Answer 3

Mesonephros

Question 4

What drives the development of the mesonephros?

Answer 4

Pronephric duct

Question 5

Where does the pronephric duct extend from and to?

Answer 5

Cervical region to the cloaca

Question 6

What is the urogenital ridge?

Answer 6

Region of intermediate mesoderm giving rise to both the embryonic kidney and the gonad

Question 7

True or False:

The mesonephros can both produce urine and conserve water

Answer 7

False

Cannot conserve water

Question 8

What is the importance of the mesonephric duct?

Answer 8

Developent of the male reproductive system

Question 9

What does the mesonephric duct have that induces development of the definitive kidney?

Answer 9

Ureteric bud

Question 10

What is the importance of the ureteric bud?

Answer 10

Induces development of the true kidney - metanephros

Question 11

What does the ureteric bud later form?

Answer 11

Ureter

Question 12

Why do the kidneys need to ascend?

Answer 12

Metanephric kidney first appears in the pelvic region so has to undergo a cadal to cranial shift

Question 13

When does the metanephros arise?

Answer 13

5th week of gestation

Question 14

What are accessory renal arteries?

Answer 14

Embryological arteries that fail to regress as the kidney ascends

Question 15

What happens if the ureteric bud fails to interact with the intermediate mesoderm?

Answer 15

Renal agenesis

Question 16

What is a pelvic kidney?

Answer 16

When a kidney fails to ascend and remains in the pelvis

Question 17

What is horseshoe kidney?

Answer 17

Where two developing kidneys fuse into a single horshoe-shaped structure

Question 18

How can horseshoe kidney occur?

Answer 18

If kidneys become too close together during their ascent and become fused underneath the inferior mesenteric artery

Question 19

What is an ectopic ureter?

Answer 19

Ureter that does not connect with the bladder (eg drains into urethra or vagina instead)

Question 20

What is the dilated structure that the hindgut ends in called?

Answer 20

Cloaca

Question 21

What is the urogenital sinus?

Answer 21

Created from hindgut by urorectal septum

Ventral part of cloaca after it is split

Question 22

What does the urachus go on to form?

Answer 22

Median umbilical ligament

Question 23

What does the superior part of the urogenital sinus connect to?

Answer 23

Umbilicus

Question 24

What does the majority of the urogenital sinus differentiate to form?

Answer 24

urinary bladder

Question 25

What does the inferior part of the urogenital sinus devleop into?

Answer 25

Urethra

Question 26

What 4 parts is the male urethra divided into?

Answer 26

1) Pre-prostatic
2) Prostatic
3) Membranous
4) Spongy

Question 27

In males, what is the pre-prostatic urethra?

Answer 27

Part that leaves bladder before entering body of prostate

Question 28

In males, what is the prostatic urethra?

Answer 28

Part of urethra that runs through prostate

Question 29

In males, what is the membranous urethra?

Answer 29

Part of urethra that passes through peritoneum

Question 30

In males, what is the spongy urethra?

Answer 30

Part of urethra that runs along the shaft of the penis

Question 31

What is hypospadias?

Answer 31

Defect in fusion of urethral folds so the urethra opens onto the ventral surface rather than at the end of the glans