Development of the Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the kidneys derived from?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

What is the earliest nephric stage?

A

Pronephros

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3
Q

What appears after the pronephros?

A

Mesonephros

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4
Q

What drives the development of the mesonephros?

A

Pronephric duct

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5
Q

Where does the pronephric duct extend from and to?

A

Cervical region to the cloaca

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6
Q

What is the urogenital ridge?

A

Region of intermediate mesoderm giving rise to both the embryonic kidney and the gonad

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7
Q

True or False:

The mesonephros can both produce urine and conserve water

A

False

Cannot conserve water

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8
Q

What is the importance of the mesonephric duct?

A

Developent of the male reproductive system

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9
Q

What does the mesonephric duct have that induces development of the definitive kidney?

A

Ureteric bud

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10
Q

What is the importance of the ureteric bud?

A

Induces development of the true kidney - metanephros

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11
Q

What does the ureteric bud later form?

A

Ureter

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12
Q

Why do the kidneys need to ascend?

A

Metanephric kidney first appears in the pelvic region so has to undergo a cadal to cranial shift

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13
Q

When does the metanephros arise?

A

5th week of gestation

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14
Q

What are accessory renal arteries?

A

Embryological arteries that fail to regress as the kidney ascends

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15
Q

What happens if the ureteric bud fails to interact with the intermediate mesoderm?

A

Renal agenesis

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16
Q

What is a pelvic kidney?

A

When a kidney fails to ascend and remains in the pelvis

17
Q

What is horseshoe kidney?

A

Where two developing kidneys fuse into a single horshoe-shaped structure

18
Q

How can horseshoe kidney occur?

A

If kidneys become too close together during their ascent and become fused underneath the inferior mesenteric artery

19
Q

What is an ectopic ureter?

A

Ureter that does not connect with the bladder (eg drains into urethra or vagina instead)

20
Q

What is the dilated structure that the hindgut ends in called?

21
Q

What is the urogenital sinus?

A

Created from hindgut by urorectal septum

Ventral part of cloaca after it is split

22
Q

What does the urachus go on to form?

A

Median umbilical ligament

23
Q

What does the superior part of the urogenital sinus connect to?

24
Q

What does the majority of the urogenital sinus differentiate to form?

A

urinary bladder

25
What does the inferior part of the urogenital sinus devleop into?
Urethra
26
What 4 parts is the male urethra divided into?
1) Pre-prostatic 2) Prostatic 3) Membranous 4) Spongy
27
In males, what is the pre-prostatic urethra?
Part that leaves bladder before entering body of prostate
28
In males, what is the prostatic urethra?
Part of urethra that runs through prostate
29
In males, what is the membranous urethra?
Part of urethra that passes through peritoneum
30
In males, what is the spongy urethra?
Part of urethra that runs along the shaft of the penis
31
What is hypospadias?
Defect in fusion of urethral folds so the urethra opens onto the ventral surface rather than at the end of the glans